本文選題：貴州 + 早三疊世�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：興義地區(qū)位于南盤(pán)江盆地西北邊緣,保存有較完整的早三疊世淺水沉積記錄,該地區(qū)晚二疊末至中三疊世生物演化經(jīng)歷了由滅絕到復(fù)蘇的演化過(guò)程,是研究早三疊世沉積環(huán)境變遷及生物演化的理想地區(qū)。研究區(qū)早三疊世主要由飛仙關(guān)組及嘉陵江組沉積地層組成。飛仙關(guān)組以局限臺(tái)地潮坪相陸源碎屑巖沉積為主,夾混積碳酸鹽巖沉積;而嘉陵江組則以淺水臺(tái)地、蒸發(fā)臺(tái)地相碳酸鹽巖沉積為主,夾混積陸源碎屑巖沉積。淺水相沉積結(jié)構(gòu)與沉積構(gòu)造主要包括:波狀層理、透鏡狀層理、脈狀層理及平行層理,局部見(jiàn)小型交錯(cuò)層理等,常見(jiàn)石膏假晶,電鏡下見(jiàn)草莓狀黃鐵礦、自生石英顆粒等。不同種類的錯(cuò)時(shí)相具有不同的環(huán)境意義,其在空間上的交叉分布,指示研究區(qū)海洋環(huán)境經(jīng)歷多次改善-惡化過(guò)程。研究區(qū)錯(cuò)時(shí)相主要包括:疊層石、蠕蟲(chóng)狀灰?guī)r、條帶狀灰?guī)r、巨鮞灰?guī)r。疊層石中大量的微生物化石和草莓狀黃鐵礦反映疊層石形成于貧氧-低氧的沉積環(huán)境;條帶灰?guī)r良好的韻律性可能與海平面周期性波動(dòng)有關(guān),灰質(zhì)條帶中大量微生物化石,指示灰質(zhì)條帶形成于貧氧的海洋環(huán)境;蠕蟲(chóng)狀灰?guī)r的成因較為復(fù)雜,反映多種沉積環(huán)境,其中似層狀、不規(guī)則粒狀、橢圓狀蠕蟲(chóng)狀灰?guī)r反映缺氧的沉積環(huán)境,變形柱狀蠕蟲(chóng)狀灰?guī)r反映有氧的海洋環(huán)境。地球化學(xué)分析表明研究區(qū)早三疊世海洋環(huán)境具有多期次改善-惡化的演化過(guò)程。碳同位素研究表明,研究區(qū)早三疊世經(jīng)歷了3次負(fù)漂與3次正漂,說(shuō)明早三疊世海洋環(huán)境經(jīng)歷了多次改善-衰退過(guò)程。硫同位素研究表明,研究區(qū)硫同位素值劇烈波動(dòng)(飛仙關(guān)組從-25.5‰至26.3‰,嘉陵江組從-3.9‰至37.3‰),反映當(dāng)時(shí)多變的海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境。Sr87/Sr86值表現(xiàn)出快速上升的趨勢(shì),從0.707203至0.708107,其百萬(wàn)年內(nèi)的變化速率自顯生宙來(lái)最大。MgO/CaO值指示研究區(qū)從格瑞斯巴赫期末(飛仙關(guān)組一段沉積期)至斯潘斯期末(嘉陵江組三段沉積期)氣候比較潮濕,嘉陵江組三段沉積期后期,氣候相對(duì)較干燥。鎂鋁比值指示早三疊世處于正常淺海環(huán)境,未受到陸地淡水的影響。早三疊世碳同位素不僅在橫向上表現(xiàn)為劇烈的波動(dòng),還在縱向上表現(xiàn)出顯著的離散分異。通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)全球范圍內(nèi)30余條碳同位素剖面,發(fā)現(xiàn)早三疊世碳同位素具有顯著的離散系數(shù)(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方差)。研究表明海洋初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力和海水分層共同導(dǎo)致了早三疊世碳同位素在縱向上的顯著變化,其中海水分層是主要原因。綜合碳同位素在縱向上和橫向上的相關(guān)性,將早三疊世海洋環(huán)境劃分為是10個(gè)階段。研究區(qū)早三疊世氧化還原界面主要出現(xiàn)了3次上移,分別在N1(P-T界線附近)、Smithian中期、Spathian中晚期,其中前兩個(gè)時(shí)期氧化還原界面向上遷移幅度最大。N2、P2、P3時(shí)期,透光帶Δδ13C值大于深水Δδ13C值,海洋初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力是影響碳同位素水深梯度的主要因素。早三疊世海洋沉積環(huán)境演化過(guò)程,與研究區(qū)古生物多次復(fù)蘇-殘存-滅絕響應(yīng)過(guò)程具有較好的耦合關(guān)系。具體表現(xiàn)為二疊紀(jì)-三疊紀(jì)界線附近,缺少生物化石,巖石以青灰色泥巖為主,反映海洋惡化;Griesbachian早期,數(shù)層雙殼化石層指示海洋環(huán)境存在一次短暫的復(fù)蘇;在Griesbachian中期,粉砂巖中紫紅色條帶開(kāi)始增多,雙殼化石分異度的升高指示淺水海洋環(huán)境改善;Griesbachian晚期至Dienerian早期,巖石主要為青灰色細(xì)砂巖-粗砂巖,缺乏生物化石反映海洋環(huán)境惡化;Dienerian中晚期,草莓狀黃鐵礦粒徑增大,化石分異度升高,指示海洋環(huán)境逐漸改善。在Smithian早期,硫同位素正漂、碳同位素負(fù)漂、黃鐵礦顆粒增多,反映海洋環(huán)境惡化。在Smithian中期,化石分異度減少、硫同位素達(dá)到最高值,指示海洋環(huán)境惡化;Smithian晚期,變形柱狀蠕蟲(chóng)狀灰?guī)r、海洋紅層、化石分異度升高,指示海洋環(huán)境改善;Spathian早期,疊層石中保存大量微生物化石、硫同位素負(fù)漂,生物化石減少,指示海洋環(huán)境惡化。Spathian晚期,生物化石分異度提高,指示海洋環(huán)境改善。
[Abstract]:The Xingyi area is located on the northwest edge of the South Pan River Basin, and has a relatively complete record of early three fold shallow water deposits. The evolution of the late two and middle three stages of the region experienced the evolution process from extinction to resuscitation. It is a study area to study the sedimentary environment changes and biological evolution of the early three fold. The early three fold of the study area was mainly from Feixianguan. The formation of sedimentary strata in the group and the Jialingjiang formation. The Feixianguan formation is mainly composed of the terrigenous clastic rocks of the tidal flat facies in the limited platform, and the sedimentary carbonatite deposits, while the Jialingjiang formation is based on the shallow water platform, the evaporative platform facies carbonate deposits are the main deposits, and the sediments are mixed with the terrigenous clastic rocks. The shallow water facies sedimentation structure and sedimentary structure mainly include wave bedding and penetration. Mirror bedding, pulse bedding and parallel bedding, small staggered bedding, common gypsum pseudo crystal, strawberry like pyrite and autogenic quartz particles under electron microscope. Different kinds of wrong phases have different environmental significance. The cross distribution in space indicates that the marine environment has experienced many improvement and deterioration process in the study area. The fault of the study area is wrong. The time phase mainly includes: the fossils, vermicular limestone, banded limestone, and giant Oolitic Limestone. A large number of microorganism fossils and strawberry like pyrite in the raspite reflect the formation of the depositional environment of the oxygen poor hypoxia. The good rhythm of the strip may be related to the periodic wave of the sea level, and a large number of microorganism fossils in the gray matter band are indicated. The gray matter bands are formed in the oxygen poor marine environment; the cause of the wormlike limestone is more complex, reflecting a variety of sedimentary environments, in which the stratiform, irregular granular, elliptical vermicular limestone reflects the anoxic sedimentary environment, and the deformed columnar wormlike limestone reflects the aerobics of the marine environment. The geochemical analysis shows the early three fold marine rings in the study area. The carbon isotope study showed that the early three fold of the study area had undergone 3 negative drift and 3 positive drift, indicating that the early three fold marine environment had experienced many improvement and decline processes. The sulfur isotope study showed that the sulfur isotope value of the study area was intense wave (Feixianguan group from -25.5 per thousand to 26.3 per thousand, Jialingjiang group) From -3.9 per thousand to 37.3 per thousand, the.Sr87/Sr86 value of the marine ecological environment at that time showed a rapid rising trend. From 0.707203 to 0.708107, the rate of change within millions of years from the Phanerozoic maximum.MgO/CaO value indicated that the study area was from the end of Garces Bach period (a period of Feixianguan group deposition) to the end of span period (third section of the Jialing River Group). The climate is relatively humid, and the climate is relatively dry in the late period of the third stage of the Jialingjiang group. The ratio of magnesium to aluminum indicates that the early three fold world was in the normal shallow sea environment and was not affected by the land fresh water. The early three fold carbon isotopes not only displayed violent fluctuations in the transverse direction, but also showed significant discretization in the longitudinal direction. More than 30 carbon isotopic profiles in the range have found that early three fold carbon isotopes have significant discrete coefficients (standard variance). The study shows that marine primary productivity and seawater stratification jointly lead to significant longitudinal changes in carbon isotopes in the early three stages, in which the stratification of sea water is the main reason. The correlation of the early three fold marine environment is divided into 10 stages. The early three redox interface in the study area was mainly moved up 3 times, respectively, at N1 (P-T boundary), mid Smithian, and late Spathian, of which the first two redox interfaces moved up to the maximum.N2, P2, P3 period, and the transmittance Delta 13C value was greater than depth. Water delta delta 13C value, marine primary productivity is the main factor affecting the carbon isotope water depth gradient. The evolution process of the early three fold marine sedimentary environment has a good coupling relationship with the multiple resuscitation - residual and extinction response process of Paleontology in the study area. It is characterized by the Permian Triassic boundary line, the lack of biological fossils, and the green and gray rocks. Mudstone mainly reflects marine deterioration; in the early period of Griesbachian, several layers of double shell fossils indicate a brief resuscitation in the marine environment; in the middle of Griesbachian, the purple red bands in the siltstone began to increase, and the elevation of the bivalve fossils indicated the improvement of the shallow water marine environment; the late Griesbachian to the early Dienerian, the rocks were mainly green ash. Fine sandstone - coarse sand rock, the lack of biological fossils reflect the deterioration of the marine environment. In the late Dienerian, the size of the strawberry pyrite increased and the fossil diversity increased, indicating the gradual improvement of the marine environment. In the early stage of Smithian, the sulfur isotopes were positive drift, carbon isotope drift, and pyrite particles increased, reflecting the deterioration of the marine environment. In the middle of Smithian, fossils were divided. In the late Smithian, the deformed columnar vermicular limestone, the marine red layer, the marine red layer, the fossils were increased, and the marine environment was improved. In the early stage of Spathian, the fossils were preserved in a large number of fossils in the stanus, the sulphur was negatively bleached and the biological fossils decreased, indicating the deterioration of the marine environment in the late.Spathian late period. During the period, the biologic fossils increased, indicating the improvement of marine environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P512.2;P534.51

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