本文選題：特殊寧夏木 + 松柏類　； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：松柏類是晚二疊世的重要植物類群,但對(duì)于晚二疊世松柏類植物的認(rèn)識(shí)主要來(lái)自于葉部印痕化石的研究,而對(duì)其樹(shù)皮及葉的解剖研究工作相對(duì)較少。近年來(lái),隨著對(duì)晚古生代礦化裸子植物研究的深入,松柏類植物的解剖工作也做得更加詳細(xì),其解剖特征不僅提供了重要的分類學(xué)信息,還對(duì)植物的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和演化歷程具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。本文通過(guò)對(duì)寧夏石炭井樂(lè)平統(tǒng)孫家溝組礦化植物特殊寧夏木(Ningxiaites specialis Feng)的解剖學(xué)研究,首次詳細(xì)描述了華夏植物群晚古生代松柏類植物的樹(shù)皮和葉的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)。 特殊寧夏木保存了精美的木質(zhì)部外組織,包括維管形成層和樹(shù)皮。維管形成層由一至兩層的紡錘形細(xì)胞組成。維管形成層外的樹(shù)皮保存了次生韌皮部和周皮組織,厚1.8mm。次生韌皮部由篩胞、射線和軸向薄壁細(xì)胞組成,分為新的次生韌皮部和老的次生韌皮部。新的次生韌皮部中射線細(xì)胞較多,軸向薄壁細(xì)胞較少,主要由篩胞帶重復(fù)排列組成。橫切面上,篩胞亞圓形至方形,直徑約30μm,篩胞壁厚約2μm。徑切面上,篩胞細(xì)長(zhǎng)呈管柱狀,篩胞徑向壁上可見(jiàn)近圓形的篩域,呈單列線形排列。韌皮射線與木質(zhì)射線相連,韌皮部中的射線細(xì)胞較木質(zhì)部射線細(xì)胞膨大。老的次生韌皮部中軸向薄壁細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,射線細(xì)胞減少。周皮由木栓細(xì)胞組成,木栓細(xì)胞被暗色物質(zhì)填充,呈覆瓦狀排列。 特殊寧夏木葉結(jié)構(gòu)包括表皮,葉肉組織和維管組織。葉螺旋著生于軸上,橫切面上,葉呈半圓形、梯形或三角形。表皮細(xì)胞一層,排列緊密,表皮外覆蓋有發(fā)達(dá)的角質(zhì)層,角質(zhì)層中有圓柱形或條形乳狀突起。葉肉細(xì)胞分化成柵欄組織和海綿組織。在葉表皮上具有明顯的氣孔帶,氣孔帶平行縱向排列；氣孔器由一對(duì)腎形保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞和周圍的副衛(wèi)細(xì)胞環(huán)繞組成。內(nèi)皮層由一層薄壁細(xì)胞組成,包裹著維管組織,維管組織包括維管束和轉(zhuǎn)輸細(xì)胞。葉具一條維管束,不分叉；轉(zhuǎn)輸細(xì)胞多邊形,細(xì)胞壁上具紋孔。樹(shù)脂道缺失。
[Abstract]:Pine cypress is an important plant group of late Permian, but the understanding of late Permian pine and cypress comes mainly from the study of leaf imprint fossils, but there is relatively little research on its bark and leaf anatomy.In recent years, with the further study of late Paleozoic mineralized gymnosperms, the anatomical work of pine and cypress plants has been done in more detail, whose anatomical characteristics not only provide important taxonomic information.It is also helpful to the phylogeny and evolution of plants.Based on the anatomical study on the special mineralized plants of the Sunjiagou formation of the Leping series in Liuping formation, Ningxia, the bark and leaf anatomical structure of the late Paleozoic pine cypress in the Huaxia flora was described in detail for the first time in this paper.Special Ningxia wood preserved fine xylem outer tissue, including vascular cambium and bark.Vascular cambium consists of one or two layers of spindle cells.The bark outside the vascular cambium preserved the secondary phloem and pericarp tissues with a thickness of 1.8 mm.The secondary phloem is composed of ethmoid, ray and axial parenchyma cells, and is divided into new secondary phloem and old secondary phloem.In the new secondary phloem, there were more ray cells and less axonal parenchyma cells, which were mainly composed of sieve cell bands.On the cross section, the ethmoid was subcircular to square, about 30 渭 m in diameter and 2 渭 m in thickness.On the diameters, the ethmoid cells were slender and columnar, and the radial walls of the ethmoid cells were arranged in a single line.The ray cells in the phloem were larger than those in the xylem.The number of axial parenchyma cells in the old secondary phloem increased and the number of ray cells decreased.The pericarp is composed of cork cells, which are filled with dark matter and arranged in imbricate shape.The special leaf structure of Ningxia includes epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissue.The leaf is spirally placed on the axis and on the cross-section. The leaf is semicircular, trapezoid, or triangular.A layer of epidermal cells arranged closely, the epidermis covered with a developed cuticle, in which there are cylindrical or striped protrusions.Mesophyll cells differentiate into palisade tissue and sponge tissue.There were obvious stomatal bands on the leaf epidermis, which were arranged in parallel and longitudinally, and the stomatal apparatus was surrounded by a pair of renal guard cells and peripheral accessory cells.The endodermis consists of a layer of parenchyma, which is surrounded by vascular tissue, including vascular bundles and transfer cells.Leaves with a vascular bundle, not branched; transferred cell polygon, cell wall with holes.The resin channel is missing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q914.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張翔;田景春;陳洪德;侯明才;侯中健;;鄂爾多斯盆地上二疊統(tǒng)石千峰組巖相古地理及時(shí)空演化[J];成都理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2009年02期

2 張翔;田景春;陳洪德;侯明才;劉娟;;鄂爾多斯盆地西北部石千峰組沉積特征及沉積—層序模式[J];地層學(xué)雜志;2008年04期

3 盧立伍,靳悅高,方曉思;內(nèi)蒙古呼魯斯太石炭紀(jì)脊椎動(dòng)物化石[J];地質(zhì)科技情報(bào);2002年02期

4 白云來(lái);王新民;劉化清;李天順;;鄂爾多斯盆地西部邊界的確定及其地球動(dòng)力學(xué)背景[J];地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào);2006年06期

5 鄧勝徽;;中生代主要植物化石的古氣候指示意義[J];古地理學(xué)報(bào);2007年06期

6 孫革;山西保德早二疊世Cordaites baodeensis sp. nov.葉表皮構(gòu)造及Cordaites分類探討[J];古生物學(xué)報(bào);1991年02期

7 田寶霖,李洪起;一種特殊的晚二疊世莖化石——Guizhouoxylon dahebianense gen. et sp. nov.[J];古生物學(xué)報(bào);1992年03期

8 王軍,吳秀元;晚古生代瓢葉目植物的古生態(tài)學(xué)探討[J];古生物學(xué)報(bào);2004年01期

9 楊小菊;青�；≡绨讏资篮涌谌阂环N掌鱗杉科(松柏類)植物化石表皮角質(zhì)層的掃描電鏡觀察[J];古生物學(xué)報(bào);2005年01期

10 陳萍;Cordaites huainanensis sp.nov 葉表皮角質(zhì)層的研究[J];淮南礦業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1994年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1768391