本文選題：蝕變信息　切入點：遙感　出處：《成都理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在進行礦產資源勘查時人們通常利用多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)提取與礦化有關的蝕變信息,以達到對成礦有利靶區(qū)的圈定或預測。在植被覆蓋區(qū)能否最大程度的降低植被對礦化信息提取的干擾,將會對成礦有利靶區(qū)的準確圈定或預測產生巨大的影響。本研究所選擇的區(qū)域位于貴州省馬溪幅與施秉幅,該地區(qū)礦產資源相對豐富,但植被覆蓋度高,采用遙感對蝕變信息進行提取難度較大。針對這一難題,本研究選擇植被覆蓋度+掩膜、混合像元分解兩種降低植被影響的方法,以ASTER與Hyperion為基礎數(shù)據(jù)源,分別完成該地區(qū)礦化蝕變信息提取,并對提取結果進行綜合對比分析,以篩選出最適合于研究區(qū)蝕變信息提取方法,同時也為其它類似區(qū)域遙感蝕變信息提取提供科學參考。本論文主要開展了如下工作:(1)通過數(shù)字圖像處理方法對ASTER與Hyperion數(shù)據(jù)進行預處理。筆者采用ENVI軟件提供的FLAASH模塊對多光譜與高光譜數(shù)據(jù)進行大氣校正,校正后的影像數(shù)據(jù)不僅能夠更加真實的反應地物的反射率信息,而且圖像清晰度也得到了提高。(2)使用ASTER多光譜數(shù)據(jù)對研究區(qū)進行鐵染與碳酸鹽化蝕變信息提取。針對研究區(qū)植被覆蓋較高的特點,選擇植被覆蓋度+掩膜、混合像元分解兩種方法抑制植被影響,在此基礎上用比值法與主成分分析法分別進行蝕變信息提取。經(jīng)過與已知地質資料疊加分析及野外驗證,發(fā)現(xiàn)“基于混合像元分解+主成分分析”法不僅能充分抑制植被而突出礦化信息,而且提取結果精度優(yōu)于其它方法,在空間分布上與地層、斷層有著密切的關系。(3)應用Hyperion高光譜數(shù)據(jù)對高植被區(qū)碳酸鹽化開展了蝕變信息提取。針對高光譜數(shù)據(jù)特點,使用高斯徑向基核主成分分析方法對其進行降維處理,取得較好效果。在此基礎上利用PPI與N維可視化工具提取純凈端元,并與野外實測波譜數(shù)據(jù)進行匹配分析,最終利用光譜角技術進行礦物填圖。經(jīng)過分析表明高光譜識別的白云石與方解石信息與多光譜提取的碳酸鹽化蝕變信息匹配度較好,但高光譜提取的方解石與白云石信息更加的清晰。
[Abstract]:In the process of mineral resources exploration, people usually use multi-source remote sensing data to extract alteration information related to mineralization, in order to delineate or predict the favorable target area for mineralization.Whether the disturbance of vegetation to the extraction of mineralization information can be minimized in the vegetation coverage area will have a great influence on the accurate delineation or prediction of the favorable target areas for mineralization.The region chosen by this study is located in Maxi and Shi Bingzun Guizhou Province. The mineral resources in this area are relatively rich but the vegetation coverage is high. It is difficult to extract alteration information by remote sensing.In order to solve this problem, two methods of vegetation coverage mask and mixed pixel decomposition were selected to reduce the vegetation influence. Based on ASTER and Hyperion, the mineralization alteration information was extracted in this area.In order to select the most suitable method for extracting alteration information in the study area and provide a scientific reference for the extraction of alteration information from remote sensing in other similar regions, the results of extraction are compared and analyzed comprehensively in order to find out the most suitable method for extracting alteration information in the study area.The main work of this thesis is as follows: 1) preprocessing ASTER and Hyperion data by digital image processing method.The atmospheric correction of multispectral and hyperspectral data is carried out by using FLAASH module provided by ENVI software. The corrected image data can not only reflect the reflectivity information of ground objects more truthfully.The image clarity is also improved. (2) ASTER multispectral data is used to extract iron stain and carbonation alteration information from the study area.In view of the characteristics of high vegetation coverage in the study area, two methods of vegetation coverage masking and mixed pixel decomposition were selected to suppress the vegetation influence, and the ratio method and principal component analysis method were used to extract the alteration information respectively.After superposition analysis with known geological data and field verification, it is found that "principal component analysis based on mixed pixel decomposition" can not only fully suppress vegetation and protrude mineralization information, but also has better precision than other methods.The Hyperion hyperspectral data are used to extract the alteration information of carbonization in the hypervegetation area.According to the characteristics of hyperspectral data, Gao Si's radial basis kernel principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension, and good results are obtained.On this basis, the pure end elements were extracted by PPI and N-dimensional visualization tools, and matched with the field measured spectral data. Finally, the mineral mapping was carried out by spectral angle technique.The analysis shows that the hyperspectral information of dolomite and calcite is better than that of multi-spectral extraction of carbonation alteration information, but the information of hyperspectral extraction of calcite and dolomite is more clear.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P627

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