本文選題：加勒比板塊　切入點：構(gòu)造演化　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：加勒比板塊被科科斯板塊、納茲卡板塊、南美板塊、北美板塊以及大西洋所圍限。加勒比板塊周緣地區(qū)油氣資源豐富但分布很不均勻。論文以加勒比地區(qū)為研究對象,對加勒比地區(qū)中生代以來的構(gòu)造演化、原型盆地的發(fā)育特征、構(gòu)造演化與原型盆地發(fā)育之間的耦合關(guān)系以及原型盆地演化對油氣成藏的控制作用開展了研究工作,并對有利區(qū)帶做了預測。中生代以來,加勒比地區(qū)的構(gòu)造演化可以分為四個主要階段:1)侏羅紀時期:北美板塊及南美板塊逐漸分離,晚侏羅世,古加勒比海槽基本打開,加勒比板塊開始形成。2)白堊紀時期:古加勒比弧形成并向東北方向移動,晚白堊世時期中美洲火山島弧開始發(fā)育,加勒比板塊與太平洋板塊分離,并向東北方向移動。3)白堊紀末期—始新世:古新世,古加勒比弧北東向與巴哈馬臺地碰撞,古新世末期古加勒比弧與北美板塊在古巴地區(qū)的碰撞拼合作用完成。4)始新世至今:加勒比板塊相對于北美板塊和南美板塊開始逐漸向東運動。構(gòu)造演化性質(zhì)在時空上的差異性,導致了加勒比板塊及其周邊不同沉積組合的原型盆地的發(fā)育:1)北緣大安的列斯島弧帶發(fā)育前陸盆地、弧后盆地及被動大陸邊緣盆地。2)西緣古陸塊上發(fā)育弧后盆地和弧前盆地。3)東緣小安的列斯島弧俯沖帶上發(fā)育弧后盆地、弧前盆地與增生楔。4)南緣發(fā)育弧后盆地、前陸盆地、被動大陸邊緣盆地。5)加勒比板塊上主要發(fā)育洋盆。不同類型的原型盆地具有不同的沉積充填特征,例如前陸盆地多為碎屑巖沉積、被動大陸邊緣盆地多為碳酸鹽巖沉積。相應(yīng)地控制了盆地的沉積相發(fā)育類型和盆地的油氣成藏條件。預測:南緣前陸盆地油氣資源非常豐富,北緣被動大陸邊緣盆地次之,而其他地區(qū)裂谷盆地、弧后盆地、弧前盆地油氣資源相對匱乏。
[Abstract]:The Caribbean plate is bounded by the Cocos, Nazca, South American, North American and Atlantic plates.The area around the Caribbean plate is rich in oil and gas resources but unevenly distributed.Taking the Caribbean region as the research object, the paper studies the tectonic evolution and the development characteristics of the prototype basins in the Caribbean region since the Mesozoic.The coupling relationship between tectonic evolution and prototype basin development and the controlling effect of prototype basin evolution on oil and gas accumulation are studied and the favorable zones are predicted.Since Mesozoic, the tectonic evolution of the Caribbean region can be divided into four main stages: the Jurassic period: the North American plate and the South American plate gradually separated, the late Jurassic, the paleo-Caribbean trough basically opened,The Caribbean plate began to form. 2) Cretaceous period: Paleo-Caribbean arc formed and moved northeast, Central American volcanic island arc began to develop during the late Cretaceous, and the Caribbean plate separated from the Pacific plate.Moving to the northeast. 3) late Cretaceous-Eocene: Paleocene, Paleocene arc NE collision with Bahamian platform,At the end of the Paleocene, the collision of the Paleocene arc and the North American plate in Cuba was completed. 4) from the Eocene to the present, the Caribbean plate began to move eastward with respect to the North American plate and the South American plate.The difference in temporal and spatial characteristics of tectonic evolution resulted in the development of Foreland basins in the northern margin of the greater Antilles island arc belt, which resulted in the development of prototype basins in the Caribbean plate and its surrounding sedimentary assemblages.Back-arc basin and passive continental margin basin .2) the back-arc basin and fore-arc basin are developed on the paleocontinent block in the western margin. 3) the small Antilles island arc subduction belt in the eastern margin develops a back-arc basin, a back-arc basin and an accretive wedge .4) a back-arc basin, a Foreland basin, and an accretive wedge .4).Passive continental margin basin. 5) the ocean basin is mainly developed on the Caribbean plate.Different types of prototype basins have different characteristics of sedimentary filling, such as detrital deposits in Foreland basins and carbonate deposits in passive continental margin basins.The sedimentary facies development type and oil and gas accumulation conditions of the basin are controlled accordingly.Prediction: the southern Foreland basin is rich in oil and gas resources, while the northern margin passive continental margin basin is the second, while the other rift basin, back-arc basin and forearc basin are relatively scarce.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13
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本文編號：1722996