本文選題：孔雀河沖洪積扇　切入點(diǎn)：灌溉　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：孔雀河沖洪積扇地區(qū)地處新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)巴音郭楞蒙古族自治州庫爾勒市，，是巴州政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心和南北疆重要的交通樞紐和物資集散地，也是我國重要的棉花和香梨的生產(chǎn)基地。區(qū)內(nèi)蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈，降水稀少，是“無灌溉即無農(nóng)業(yè)”的典型區(qū)域。近二十年來農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模迅速擴(kuò)大，因此，對灌溉用水的需求量也日益加大。近年來，孔雀河流量大幅度減小，地下水成為孔雀河沖洪積扇灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉的主要水源。目前，孔雀河沖洪積扇地區(qū)由于不合理的地下水資源開發(fā)利用，已經(jīng)引發(fā)了地下水位下降、地下水咸化等環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題。 本文以《庫爾勒沖洪積平原地下水資源評價(jià)及循環(huán)更新能力研究》項(xiàng)目為依托，選取孔雀河沖洪積扇灌區(qū)為研究區(qū)，研究灌區(qū)包氣帶水鹽運(yùn)移及其對地下水水質(zhì)的影響。該項(xiàng)研究不僅可以為區(qū)域水資源合理開發(fā)利用與保護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，對解決干旱半干旱地區(qū)長期開采地下水灌溉導(dǎo)致的地下水咸化等問題也具有重要意義。論文主要成果如下： 1、結(jié)合已有資料開展包氣帶采樣調(diào)查，查明了孔雀河沖洪積扇灌區(qū)包氣帶巖性和結(jié)構(gòu)特征； 2、測定包氣帶土樣含水率和含鹽量，查明了灌區(qū)包氣帶水鹽分布特征，確定包氣帶水鹽分布及運(yùn)移的主要影響因素為包氣帶巖性結(jié)構(gòu)、潛水埋深、潛水TDS含量、灌溉方式和灌溉水TDS含量等； 3、采用氯質(zhì)量累積法計(jì)算孔雀河沖洪積扇灌區(qū)包氣帶入滲補(bǔ)給量。灌區(qū)包氣帶的垂向入滲補(bǔ)給總量為181.80-687.58mm/a，灌溉水入滲回歸比例為12.37%-28.79%； 4、開展室內(nèi)土柱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究包氣帶巖性結(jié)構(gòu)、灌溉水水質(zhì)和灌溉方式對包氣帶水鹽運(yùn)移的影響，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明灌溉水入滲過程中土壤水TDS含量升高主要是強(qiáng)烈蒸發(fā)作用下蒸發(fā)濃縮引起的； 5、基于室內(nèi)土柱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，使用Hydrus-1D軟件建立包氣帶水鹽運(yùn)移一維模型，預(yù)測長期灌溉驅(qū)動(dòng)下不同包氣帶巖性和灌溉水水質(zhì)條件下地下水水質(zhì)的變化情況。得出長期灌溉影響下不同包氣帶巖性和灌溉水水質(zhì)條件下地下水TDS含量均呈升高態(tài)勢，高TDS含量灌溉水比低TDS含量灌溉水對地下水咸化的影響更大。
[Abstract]:The Kongque River alluvial fan area is located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region of Bayinguleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Kurla City. It is the political, economic, cultural and cultural center of Ba Prefecture and an important transportation hub and material distribution center in the north and south of Xinjiang.Also is our country important cotton and fragrant pear production base.The evaporation is strong and the precipitation is rare. It is a typical area of "no irrigation or no agriculture".The scale of agriculture has expanded rapidly in the past two decades, so the demand for irrigation water is increasing day by day.In recent years, the discharge of the river has been greatly reduced, and the groundwater has become the main source of agricultural irrigation in the alluvial fan irrigation area of the river.At present, the unreasonable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in the alluvial fan area of the Kongque River have caused environmental geological problems such as the decrease of groundwater level and the salinization of groundwater.Based on the project of "study on groundwater Resources Evaluation and cyclic Renewal ability of Korla Alluvial Plain", this paper studies the migration of water and salt in aeration zone and its influence on groundwater quality.This study can not only provide scientific basis for the rational exploitation and protection of regional water resources, but also solve the problems of groundwater salinization caused by groundwater irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas for a long time.The main results of the thesis are as follows:1. According to the available data, the lithology and structure characteristics of aeration zone in the alluvial fan irrigation area of the Kongquehe River were investigated.2. The moisture content and salt content of soil samples in aeration zone were measured, the distribution characteristics of water and salt in aeration zone were found out, and the main influencing factors of water and salt distribution and migration in aeration zone were determined as lithologic structure of aeration zone, buried depth of groundwater and content of TDS in phreatic water.Irrigation methods and TDS content of irrigation water;3. The chlorine accumulation method is used to calculate the aeration volume in the alluvial fan irrigation area.The total amount of vertical infiltration recharge in the aeration zone is 181.80-687.58mm / a, and the regression ratio of irrigation water infiltration is 12.37- 28.79mm / a;(4) the influence of lithologic structure of aeration zone, water quality of irrigation water and irrigation method on water and salt migration in aerated zone was studied by laboratory soil column simulation experiment.The results showed that the increase of TDS content in soil water during irrigation water infiltration was mainly caused by evaporation and concentration under the strong evaporation.5. Based on the experimental data of indoor soil column simulation, a one-dimensional model of water and salt migration in aerated zone was established by using Hydrus-1D software to predict the variation of groundwater quality under the conditions of lithology of different aeration zones and irrigation water quality driven by long-term irrigation.The results showed that under the influence of long-term irrigation, the TDS content of groundwater increased under the conditions of lithology of different aeration zones and water quality of irrigation water, and the effect of high TDS content irrigation water on groundwater salinization was greater than that of low TDS content irrigation water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.2

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