本文選題：流度屬性　切入點(diǎn)：K_1屬性　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：滲透率作為儲(chǔ)層的一種重要物性,表征儲(chǔ)層的連通性和流體的流動(dòng)能力,能在流體的分布、油氣開發(fā)中發(fā)揮重要作用。從低頻地震信號(hào)中提取的成像屬性和流度屬性包含了儲(chǔ)層滲透率和流體黏滯系數(shù)兩項(xiàng)重要參數(shù)的信息,能夠體現(xiàn)儲(chǔ)層所含流體的活動(dòng)能力,而結(jié)合地震高頻信號(hào)和低頻信號(hào)的1屬性能夠表征裂縫儲(chǔ)層的連通性。因此,成像屬性、流度屬性和1屬性的應(yīng)用價(jià)值越來(lái)越受到油氣地球物理解釋界的重視。盡管目前成像屬性和流度屬性在儲(chǔ)層流體流動(dòng)能力評(píng)價(jià)中已經(jīng)有一些應(yīng)用,但有一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題仍需要進(jìn)一步研究:1、儲(chǔ)層內(nèi)部透鏡體互層的影響,成像屬性和流度屬性的計(jì)算公式來(lái)源于儲(chǔ)層頂部的低頻漸近反射系數(shù),該反射系數(shù)只考慮了界面處的反射,而實(shí)際的地震反射信號(hào)不僅僅是地震波在界面處的反射,還可能包含了儲(chǔ)層內(nèi)部多層透鏡體互層的反射信息。2、優(yōu)勢(shì)頻率的選取,優(yōu)勢(shì)頻率對(duì)于成像屬性和流度屬性的計(jì)算至關(guān)重要,常用的方法是人工選取,這樣致使提取出的屬性體人為干擾因素較大,不能真實(shí)反映儲(chǔ)層流體的活動(dòng)能力。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文基于巖石物理,探討了常規(guī)的流度屬性和1屬性的適用條件;從考慮多層反射的漸近反射系數(shù)表達(dá)式出發(fā),解決了優(yōu)勢(shì)頻率的選取問(wèn)題,消除了儲(chǔ)層互層的影響,主要的工作內(nèi)容和認(rèn)識(shí)有:(1)介紹了基于滲流理論的飽和流體多孔介質(zhì)的頂界面反射機(jī)制,分析了低頻漸近反射系數(shù)與滲透率、黏滯系數(shù)和頻率的關(guān)系,說(shuō)明了地震低頻信號(hào)包含了儲(chǔ)層物性和流體流動(dòng)能力的信息,并闡述了低頻漸近反射系數(shù)和成像屬性、流度屬性的推導(dǎo)過(guò)程。在上述的研究的基礎(chǔ)上利用兩個(gè)屬性的計(jì)算公式對(duì)比了成像屬性和流度屬性的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),實(shí)例應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明流度屬性在對(duì)儲(chǔ)層流體活動(dòng)能力的評(píng)價(jià)中要優(yōu)于成像屬性。(2)基于雙重孔隙介質(zhì)模型,應(yīng)用數(shù)值模擬分析了不同頂?shù)撞ㄗ杩共町惽闆r下的流度屬性和1屬性對(duì)滲透率變化的響應(yīng)特征,結(jié)果表明兩個(gè)屬性對(duì)于滲透率的變化有著明顯的反映。從總體趨勢(shì)看,流度屬性隨滲透率的增大而增大,1屬性則與模型有一定關(guān)系。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果為這兩個(gè)屬性的應(yīng)用提供了依據(jù)。實(shí)例證明,兩個(gè)屬性結(jié)合使用能有效反映儲(chǔ)層流體的流動(dòng)能力,明顯降低了單個(gè)屬性進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)層連通性預(yù)測(cè)的多解性和不確定性。(3)引入了考慮儲(chǔ)層內(nèi)部多層透鏡體反射的等效漸近反射系數(shù),數(shù)值模擬了反射系數(shù)因子隨頻率和層厚的變化,對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)頻率的選取增添了理論基礎(chǔ)。從等效的漸近反射系數(shù)出發(fā),重新推導(dǎo)了流度屬性的計(jì)算公式,考慮了儲(chǔ)層內(nèi)部多層透鏡體對(duì)流度屬性的影響,從而降低了由儲(chǔ)層厚度給流度屬性在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中帶來(lái)的不確定性。
[Abstract]:As an important physical property of reservoir, permeability can play an important role in the distribution of fluid and the development of oil and gas by characterizing the connectivity of reservoir and the flow ability of fluid.The imaging attributes and mobility attributes extracted from low-frequency seismic signals contain the information of two important parameters, reservoir permeability and fluid viscosity coefficient, which can reflect the mobility of the fluid contained in the reservoir.Combining the 1 attribute of seismic high frequency signal and low frequency signal, the connectivity of fractured reservoir can be characterized.Therefore, the application value of imaging attribute, mobility attribute and 1 attribute has been paid more and more attention to by geophysical interpretation of oil and gas.Although there have been some applications of imaging and mobility attributes in the evaluation of reservoir fluid flow capacity at present, there are still some key issues that need to be further studied to study the influence of the internal lens interbedded in the reservoir.The formulas for calculating imaging and mobility attributes are derived from the low frequency asymptotic reflection coefficients at the top of the reservoir, which only consider the reflection at the interface, while the actual seismic reflection signals are not only the reflection of seismic waves at the interface.It may also contain reflection information of interlayer of multi-layer lens in reservoir. The selection of dominant frequency and dominant frequency are very important to the calculation of imaging attribute and mobility attribute. The commonly used method is manual selection.As a result, the extracted attribute bodies can not truly reflect the activity ability of reservoir fluids because of the large human interference factors.In view of the above problems, based on rock physics, the conventional mobility attribute and the applicable condition of 1 attribute are discussed, and the problem of selecting dominant frequency is solved based on the expression of asymptotic reflection coefficient considering multi-layer reflection.In this paper, the influence of interbedded reservoir is eliminated. The main work content and understanding are: (1) the reflection mechanism of the top interface of saturated fluid porous media based on seepage theory is introduced, and the relationship between the low frequency asymptotic reflection coefficient and permeability, viscosity coefficient and frequency is analyzed.The information of reservoir physical property and fluid flow capacity is included in the low frequency seismic signal, and the derivation process of the low frequency asymptotic reflection coefficient, imaging attribute and mobility attribute is described.On the basis of the above research, the advantages and disadvantages of imaging attribute and mobility attribute are compared by using the calculation formula of two attributes.The application results show that mobility attribute is superior to imaging attribute in evaluating reservoir fluid activity based on dual pore media model.Numerical simulation is used to analyze the mobility properties and the response characteristics of the 1 attribute to the permeability change under the condition of different impedance of the top and bottom wave. The results show that the two attributes have obvious effect on the permeability change.From the general trend, mobility attribute increases with the increase of permeability, which is related to the model.The numerical simulation results provide the basis for the application of these two attributes.Examples show that the combination of two attributes can effectively reflect the flow capacity of reservoir fluid.The multiplicity and uncertainty of reservoir connectivity prediction by single attribute is obviously reduced.) the equivalent asymptotic reflection coefficient considering reflection of multi-layer lens in reservoir is introduced, and the variation of reflection coefficient factor with frequency and layer thickness is numerically simulated.It adds the theoretical basis to the selection of dominant frequency.Based on the equivalent asymptotic reflection coefficient, the calculation formula of mobility attribute is rededuced, and the influence of convective property of multi-layer lens in reservoir is considered.Thus, the uncertainty caused by the mobility attribute of reservoir thickness is reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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