本文選題：青藏高原東南緣　切入點(diǎn)：數(shù)值模擬　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在印度板塊向歐亞板塊北向俯沖過(guò)程中,在鄂爾多斯塊體和華南塊體的的阻擋作用下,青藏高原內(nèi)部的物質(zhì)受到擠壓。同時(shí),在青藏高原東南緣內(nèi)一系列斷裂帶的綜合作用下,青藏高原東南緣的物質(zhì)開(kāi)始向南"逃逸",呈現(xiàn)出青藏高原東南緣順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)變形的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)特征。論文針對(duì)青藏高原東南緣旋轉(zhuǎn)變形的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征和塊體內(nèi)部張性活動(dòng)構(gòu)造發(fā)育并旋轉(zhuǎn)這一現(xiàn)象,以青藏高原東南緣內(nèi)一些列活動(dòng)斷裂及其所圍限的塊體模型為基礎(chǔ),綜合考慮了 GPS速度場(chǎng)、震源機(jī)制解及地應(yīng)力測(cè)量的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)、塊體單元內(nèi)部及其周緣活動(dòng)構(gòu)造空間分布特征、巖石圈圈層結(jié)構(gòu)及其物質(zhì)特征等現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬的方法分別構(gòu)建了青藏高原東南緣二維彈性、粘彈性和三維粘彈性有限元模型。通過(guò)與該地區(qū)的GPS速度場(chǎng)、震源機(jī)制解、實(shí)測(cè)應(yīng)力場(chǎng)等數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比,深入探討了青藏高原東南緣的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)分布特征及該區(qū)域旋轉(zhuǎn)變形的動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)制。數(shù)值模擬的位移場(chǎng)與相對(duì)于華南塊體的實(shí)測(cè)GPS速度場(chǎng)表現(xiàn)出的物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)特征基本一致。從整體運(yùn)動(dòng)趨勢(shì)來(lái)看,青藏高原東南緣內(nèi)物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)為由北部的北東-北北東向運(yùn)動(dòng),到中部區(qū)域順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)為南東-南南東向,再到南部則旋轉(zhuǎn)為南西向運(yùn)動(dòng)。青藏高原東南緣最大主應(yīng)力表現(xiàn)為圍繞喜馬拉雅東構(gòu)造結(jié)呈扇形展布的特征,最大主壓應(yīng)力場(chǎng)從北部的北北東和北東向向南部逐漸順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)為近南北向。以南北地震帶南段為界,在華南板塊最大主應(yīng)力呈南東向分布。對(duì)比震源機(jī)制解、水壓致裂實(shí)驗(yàn)等地應(yīng)力實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),本文數(shù)值模擬的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)分布特征與實(shí)測(cè)構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)特征基本一致。青藏高原東南緣的動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)制是印度板塊向歐亞板塊的俯沖作用,緬甸板塊對(duì)巽他板塊的拉張作用,菲律賓板塊向東運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的拉張作用,鄂爾多斯塊體和華南塊體的阻擋作用以及上地幔和下地殼的拖拽作用共同形成的。在這幾種動(dòng)力來(lái)源的共同作用下,藏東地區(qū),川滇菱形塊體的西北部以及阿壩塊體內(nèi)部處于擠壓環(huán)境,鮮水河-小江斷裂帶、龍門(mén)山斷裂帶和昆侖山斷裂帶呈現(xiàn)出走滑運(yùn)動(dòng)特征;滇中地區(qū)及滇西南地區(qū)表現(xiàn)為拉張環(huán)境,紅河斷裂帶南段的走滑拉張?zhí)卣?實(shí)皆斷裂帶呈現(xiàn)出近南北向的走滑特征。
[Abstract]:During the northward subduction of the Indian plate to the Eurasian plate, under the blocking action of the Ordos block and the South China block, the material inside the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was squeezed. At the same time, under the combined action of a series of fault zones in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, The material in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau began to escape southward, showing the kinematic characteristics of clockwise rotational deformation in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The paper aims at the kinematic characteristics of the rotational deformation in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the tensional activity inside the block. The dynamic structure develops and rotates. Based on some active faults in the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and their block models, the tectonic stress field of GPS velocity field, focal mechanism solution and geostress measurement are considered synthetically. The two-dimensional elasticity of the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has been constructed by using the numerical simulation method in the practical situations such as the spatial distribution characteristics of the active structures inside the block unit and its periphery, the structure of the lithosphere and its material characteristics, etc. The finite element models of viscoelasticity and three-dimensional viscoelasticity are compared with the data of GPS velocity field, focal mechanism solution and measured stress field in this area. The distribution characteristics of tectonic stress field and the dynamic mechanism of rotational deformation in the southeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are discussed in depth. The displacement field simulated by numerical simulation and the material motion characteristics of GPS velocity field compared with the measured GPS velocity field of South China block are presented. Basically consistent. Judging from the overall movement trend, The material movement in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows a movement from the north to the north, and to the central region, which rotates clockwise from the south to the south to the south to the east. To the south, the maximum principal stress of the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is characterized by the fan-shaped distribution around the eastern Himalayan tectonic junction. The maximum principal compressive stress field rotates clockwise from the north to the north from the north to the north to the south to the north to the south. Taking the southern segment of the north-south seismic belt as the boundary, the maximum principal stress in the South China plate is distributed in the south-east direction. The distribution characteristics of tectonic stress field simulated in this paper are basically consistent with the observed tectonic stress field characteristics. The dynamic mechanism of the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the subduction of the Indian plate to the Eurasian plate. The extension of the Myanmar plate to the Sunda plate and the eastward movement of the Philippine plate, The blocking effect of the Ordos block and the South China block, and the drag-down of the upper mantle and the lower crust are formed together. The northwestern Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block and Aba block are in a compressional environment. The Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone, the Longmenshan fault zone and the Kunlun mountain fault zone show the characteristics of runaway movement, and the central and southwestern Yunnan areas show extensional environment. The strike-slip extensional characteristics of the southern section of the Honghe fault zone are all strike-slip features in the near S-N direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P315.2

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