本文選題：南海　切入點(diǎn)：GDGTs萃取方法　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以中國(guó)南海表層沉積物為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)源于海洋藻類的長(zhǎng)鏈二醇以及主要源于海洋古菌的標(biāo)志化合物甘油二烷基甘油四醚(glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetrethers,GDGTs)進(jìn)行研究,重點(diǎn)探討相應(yīng)化合物構(gòu)建的古溫度指標(biāo)在南海地區(qū)的適用性。其中源于長(zhǎng)鏈二醇的LDI指標(biāo)在全球范圍內(nèi)能很好的反映溫度的變化,但是在南海地區(qū)的研究尚未開展;源于古菌的TEX86溫度指標(biāo)在南海地區(qū)的使用情況存在指示不明確的問題,對(duì)其反映次表層溫度還是季節(jié)性溫度的問題尚未得到很好地解決;此外對(duì)于近幾年新發(fā)現(xiàn)的OH-GDGTs化合物的RIOH和OH-2/OHs指標(biāo)在中低緯度海洋中同樣能很好的指示溫度的變化,但是由于南海地區(qū)的特殊性,有值得進(jìn)一步研究的必要。因此本文綜合研究上述三類生物標(biāo)志化合物在南海地區(qū)的分布特征以及其對(duì)于溫度的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,試圖解析各種生物標(biāo)志化合物在南海地區(qū)的使用條件和相關(guān)影響因素。前人研究表明古菌iGDGTs的分布受到水深的影響,那么海洋中深水碳酸鹽補(bǔ)償深度是否也會(huì)對(duì)于古菌GDGTs的分布存在影響,我們對(duì)此進(jìn)行了深入的研究。結(jié)果表明GDGTs分布隨著水深的變化可以分為三個(gè)不同的區(qū)間0-200m,1000-3500m和碳酸鹽補(bǔ)償深度(Carbon Compensation Depth;CCD)以下,水深大于3500m。在水深0-200m時(shí)iGDGTs與水深呈現(xiàn)線性關(guān)系,在1000-3500m隨著水深梯度增加iGDGT-2逐漸增加和iGDGT-3的減少,此結(jié)果與前人在地中海地區(qū)研究結(jié)果一致。然而在水深大于3500m時(shí),iGDGTs的不同組分均發(fā)生了突變,其中TEX86H指標(biāo)數(shù)值增加0.06,意味著其所反映的年均溫產(chǎn)生4°C的偏差。我們推測(cè)可能是由于在CCD以下碳酸鹽物質(zhì)的大量溶解,導(dǎo)致CO2濃度升高和pH的降低導(dǎo)致微生物群落發(fā)生變化導(dǎo)致。同樣CCD的變化對(duì)古菌OH-GDGT-0,1兩類化合物產(chǎn)生影響,但是OH-GDGT-2未受到影響,此結(jié)果導(dǎo)致RIOH指標(biāo)產(chǎn)生影響。隨后我們對(duì)南海地區(qū)基于三類生物標(biāo)志化合物古溫度進(jìn)行重建,在研究過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)源自O(shè)H-GDGTs的RIOH指標(biāo)研究中采用了兩種不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,超聲萃取法和Bligh-Dyer方法。為了研究實(shí)驗(yàn)方法是否會(huì)影響RIOH作為古溫度重建的結(jié)果,我們首先對(duì)于萃取方法進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明兩種方法對(duì)于OH-GDGTs的萃取效率存在系統(tǒng)性差異,同時(shí)Bligh-Dyer法提取的OH-GDGTs構(gòu)建的溫度指標(biāo)與實(shí)測(cè)溫度之間的相關(guān)性明顯優(yōu)于超聲萃取法。因此我們選擇Bligh-Dyer法對(duì)OH-GDGTs化合物進(jìn)行萃取。隨后對(duì)于三種溫度指標(biāo)與實(shí)測(cè)溫度之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析研究,結(jié)果表明:(1)LDI指標(biāo)在南海地區(qū)并不適用,隨后對(duì)其環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行RDA分析,結(jié)果表明可能是由于夏季溫度太高導(dǎo)致黃綠藻不生長(zhǎng),LDI可能指示生長(zhǎng)溫度季節(jié)的溫度;(2)TEX86H溫度指標(biāo)在南海地區(qū)的使用受到其他因素的限制,同樣通過對(duì)環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行RDA分析,結(jié)果表明水深(尤其是CCD以下)可能是限制其在南海地區(qū)作為溫度指標(biāo)的一個(gè)重要因素;(3)對(duì)于OH-GDGTs的研究結(jié)果表明在南海地區(qū)OH-2/OHs比RIOH與溫度的相關(guān)性更好,更適合作為古溫度指標(biāo),因此我們重建了南海地區(qū)OH-2/OHs的溫度公式,但是需要更多不同地區(qū)的樣品進(jìn)行校正。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the surface sediments of the South China Sea China as the research object, signs of long chain glycol on from marine algae and the main source of marine Archaea in compound glycerin two alkyl glycerol ether (four glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetrethers, GDGTs) were studied, focusing on the applicability of the paleo temperature index of corresponding compound construction in the South China Sea area changes. The LDI index which originate long-chain glycol very well in the global range can reflect the temperature, but the research in the South China Sea area has not yet been carried out; the use of TEX86 temperature indicator originated from ancient bacteria in the South China Sea area in unclear instructions, a good solution to reflect the subsurface temperature or seasonal temperature the problem has not yet been; in addition to the new OH-GDGTs compounds found in recent years in the RIOH and OH-2/OHs index in the low latitude ocean can also indicate a change in temperature is very good, but Is due to the particularity of the South China Sea area, it is necessary to further research. Therefore this paper comprehensive study of the above three types of biomarker distribution of compounds in the South China Sea area and its response to temperature, trying to resolve the various biomarkers in the South China Sea area use condition and related factors. Previous studies showed that the distribution of Archaea iGDGTs under the influence of water depth, the ocean deep water carbonate compensation depth will have an effect on the distribution of Archaea GDGTs, we have conducted in-depth study. The results show that the GDGTs distribution with the changes of water depth can be divided into three different interval 0-200m, 1000-3500m and carbonate compensation depth (Carbon Compensation Depth; CCD) the following iGDGTs, the water depth more than 3500m. at a depth of 0-200m and 1000-3500m in depth show a linear relationship, with the increase of iGDGT-2 by water depth gradient Decreased and iGDGT-3 increased gradually, with the result of previous research results in the Mediterranean region. However, at a depth of more than 3500m, the different components of iGDGTs had a mutation, the TEX86H index increased 0.06, mean annual temperature reflecting the 4 DEG C deviation. We speculated that it might be due to the a lot of dissolved carbonate material below CCD, which leads to the decrease of CO2 concentration and pH lead to microbial community changes lead to changes in the same CCD. Influence of archaeal OH-GDGT-0,1 two compounds, but the OH-GDGT-2 is not affected, the resulting effect of RIOH index. Then we in the South China Sea area of three kinds of biological markers for the reconstruction of paleo temperature based on the compound, in the course of the study found that the study of RIOH from OH-GDGTs using two different experimental methods, ultrasonic extraction method and Bligh-Dyer method in order to study. Experimental methods will affect RIOH as palaeoreconstructions results, we first for the extraction methods were analyzed. The results show that the two methods for the systematic difference between the extraction efficiency of the OH-GDGTs, between the temperature index and the measured temperature and the Bligh-Dyer method to extract OH-GDGTs constructed correlation is better than ultrasonic extraction method. So we choose Bligh-Dyer method extraction of OH-GDGTs compounds. Then the relationship between the three kinds of temperature index and measured temperature were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the LDI index is not applicable in the South China Sea area, then the environmental factors RDA analysis, results may be due to the summer temperature is too high resulting in yellow green algae growth, LDI growth may indicate the temperature of the seasonal temperature; (2) using the TEX86H temperature index in the South China Sea area restricted by other factors, the environment for the same Sub RDA analysis results show that the water depth (below CCD) may be the limit in the South China Sea region as an important factor in temperature index; (3) the OH-GDGTs results show that in the South China Sea area OH-2/OHs is better than the correlation between RIOH and temperature, more suitable as the ancient temperature index, so we reconstructed the temperature formula the South China Sea area OH-2/OHs, but need more samples in different regions were corrected.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P532

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