本文選題：速度無關(guān)　切入點：平面波解構(gòu)　出處：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理過程的關(guān)鍵途徑之一就是時差校正，時差校正主要包含正常時差校正和傾角時差校正。多次波干擾能否通過水平疊加被有效壓制，，動校正處理的精度起很大影響作用，同時動校正也是一種用于速度分析的重要手段。常規(guī)動校正處理是將拉平局部同相軸，但雙曲線走時的假設(shè)只適用于偏移距等于和小于反射界面深度的條件。傾角時差校正主要應(yīng)用于經(jīng)過NMO處理后的疊前數(shù)據(jù)，很好地保持不同傾角地層的不同疊加速度。DMO校正后的剖面比NMO校正后的CMP道集剖面更接近于零偏移距剖面,為后續(xù)的偏移處理做好基礎(chǔ)。 動校正的基礎(chǔ)是建立在已知速度參數(shù)前提上進行處理的，通過速度分析途徑,可以獲取所需要的參數(shù)�，F(xiàn)如今已經(jīng)發(fā)展了很多簡化后的半自動化速度拾取過程,但是速度分析仍舊是一項工作量大、費時費力的任務(wù)。此外,所拾取的相關(guān)速度參數(shù)往往不準確，使得之后進行的動校正處理效果不佳，并導致工作時間的增加和復雜性的增大。對于速度分析處理過程，為了避免拾取速度參數(shù)引起的繁復費時、拾取參數(shù)不準確導致的校正效果不佳和傳統(tǒng)動校正存在的拉伸畸變問題，利用速度無關(guān)校正方法進行相關(guān)處理。本文首先對數(shù)據(jù)進行平面波分解，獲取局部同相軸斜率，然后通過解析這一同相軸斜率與速度之間的關(guān)系，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)利用局部斜率可以直接獲得進行動校正所需的速度以及其他的全部時差參數(shù)，也就是說地震同相軸局部斜率的信息可以替代相關(guān)速度參數(shù)進行動校正處理。 傾角時差校正是針對傾斜反射層的情況下共中心點道集的各道不包含在一個共反射點上而進行校正的一種地震處理方法，DMO能有效地校正傾斜反射疊加時產(chǎn)生的反射點模糊現(xiàn)象。疊前數(shù)據(jù)首先需要進行NMO處理，而后需要進行DMO校正，以便于疊加過程中保持各個傾角地層的各自疊加速度。傾角時差校正后的剖面更接近零偏移距剖面，以便于隨后進行的零偏移距偏移處理。與速度無關(guān)的DMO方法，是對應(yīng)于更貼近實際情況的校正處理。對于NMO只適用于水平反射層而言，速度無關(guān)傾角時差校正能使得大傾角很好的歸位。并且速度無關(guān)DMO方法不需要使用疊加速度，消除了傾角的影響，經(jīng)過非零偏移距偏移到零偏移距處理后，可以得到3-D偏移數(shù)據(jù)體，進一步可以進行疊前時間偏移，與傳統(tǒng)DMO校正方法對比，可以證明與速度無關(guān)方法的處理效果同樣很好。 最后通過模擬數(shù)據(jù)和實際數(shù)據(jù)進行與速度無關(guān)時差校正的實驗計算，顯示了此方法同樣可以達到傳統(tǒng)方法的處理效果甚至更好更高效，從而證明了該方法在理論上和實際中的有效性。
[Abstract]:One of the key approaches in the process of data processing for modern seismic exploration is moveout correction, which mainly includes normal moveout correction and obliquity moveout correction, and whether multiple interference can be effectively suppressed by horizontal stacking. The accuracy of NMO processing plays an important role, and NMO is also an important means for velocity analysis. However, the hypothesis of hyperbolic travel time is only applicable to the condition that the offset is equal to or less than the depth of the reflection interface. The dip time difference correction is mainly applied to prestack data after NMO processing. The profiles of different stacking velocities with different dip angles. DMO corrected profiles are closer to zero migration distance profile than the CMP gather profile after NMO correction, which provides a good basis for the subsequent migration processing. The foundation of NMO is based on the premise of known velocity parameters. Through velocity analysis, the required parameters can be obtained. Nowadays, a lot of simplified semi-automatic speed pick-up processes have been developed. However, velocity analysis is still a heavy and time-consuming task. In addition, the speed parameters picked up are often inaccurate, which makes the NMO processing effect poor. And lead to the increase of working time and complexity. For the speed analysis and processing process, in order to avoid the complexity caused by picking up speed parameters, The correction effect caused by inaccurate picking parameters and the problem of stretch distortion existing in traditional NMO are processed by velocity independent correction method. Firstly, the data are decomposed by plane wave, and the local cophase slope is obtained. Then by analyzing the relationship between the phase axis slope and the velocity, we can find that the velocity needed for NMO can be directly obtained by using the local slope, and all other moveout parameters can be obtained. That is to say, the information of local slope in the same phase axis of earthquake can replace the correlation velocity parameters for NMO processing. Dip time difference correction is a seismic processing method that corrects the tracks of the common central point gathers without a common reflection point in the case of inclined reflectors. DMO can effectively correct the tilt reflection stacking. Reflection point ambiguity. Prestack data needs to be processed by NMO, Then DMO correction is needed in order to maintain the respective stacking velocity of each dip stratum during the stack process. The profile corrected by dip moveout is closer to zero offset profile. To facilitate the subsequent zero offset migration processing. The velocity-independent DMO method is a correction process that is closer to the actual situation. For NMO, it is only applicable to horizontal reflectors. Velocity-independent dip time difference correction can make large dip angle very good, and velocity independent DMO method does not need to use stack velocity, eliminating the influence of dip angle, after the non-zero offset offset migration to zero offset processing, the velocity independent DMO method does not need to use stacking velocity to eliminate the influence of inclination angle, after the non-zero offset migration to zero offset processing, The 3-D migration data volume can be obtained, and further prestack time migration can be carried out. Compared with the traditional DMO correction method, it can be proved that the processing effect of the velocity independent method is also very good. Finally, through the experimental calculation of velocity independent time difference correction with simulated data and actual data, it is shown that this method can also achieve better and more efficient processing effect of the traditional method. The validity of the method in theory and practice is proved.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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