本文選題：螞蟻河　切入點：地下水資源　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市人口增長和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展，對需水量日益增加；工農(nóng)業(yè)和生活污染也造成水質(zhì)污染和惡化，使得水資源供需矛盾日益尖銳。本論文以黑龍江省東南部螞蟻河中游的尚志市，以地下水作為主要供水水源的城市為例進(jìn)行地下水資源進(jìn)行評價、提出水資源永續(xù)開發(fā)利用方案，以滿足其人口、資源、環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的迫切要求。 本文從研究區(qū)自然地理、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)、地質(zhì)及水文地質(zhì)條件出發(fā)，利用GMS軟件建立三維地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)模型，并根據(jù)模型對地層展示和分析；根據(jù)地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)條件建立水文地質(zhì)概念模型和數(shù)學(xué)模型，，運用GMS軟件進(jìn)行地下水流數(shù)值模擬；利用水量均衡法計算地下水可開采量并評價開采潛力；利用數(shù)值模型對未來二十年的地下水位進(jìn)行預(yù)測和分析。根據(jù)長期監(jiān)測的地下水位數(shù)據(jù)分析水位動態(tài)；利用Aquachem軟件分析水化學(xué)類型及特征，在有效利用ArcGIS平臺、結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計、隨機(jī)模型、PEST優(yōu)化模型、模糊評價等理論對研究區(qū)水資源量和水質(zhì)進(jìn)行深層次的分析研究，對未來地下水的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化特征、可持續(xù)發(fā)展做出有效的預(yù)測評價。在上述基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)研究區(qū)具體情況制定出地下水資源永續(xù)開采方案及保護(hù)措施。本次研究取得的主要成果如下： （1）建立了三維水文地質(zhì)概念模型：潛水含水層主要分布于漫灘區(qū)、一級階地區(qū)，由全新統(tǒng)、上更新統(tǒng)砂、圓礫組成；承壓水含水層分布于波狀臺地區(qū)，巖性為中更新統(tǒng)砂、圓礫；潛水主要接受降水入滲和側(cè)向徑流補給，主要以人工開采、蒸發(fā)和側(cè)向徑流方式排泄；承壓水主要接受側(cè)向徑流補給，以人工開采和側(cè)向徑流方式排泄。 （2）區(qū)內(nèi)潛水和承壓水水化學(xué)類型主要為HCO3-Ca Mg為主，以溶濾作用為主導(dǎo)，也受到人類活動的影響；由于農(nóng)業(yè)化肥的使用、工業(yè)廢水和生活污水排放及原生地質(zhì)環(huán)境，地下水中鐵、錳、氟化物、氰化物、揮發(fā)性酚類等離子超標(biāo)，經(jīng)處理后方可作為飲用水，主要的水質(zhì)類型為Ⅱ類。 （3）根據(jù)實際觀測資料，對模型進(jìn)行了識別和驗證，水位擬合誤差小于0.5m的結(jié)點分別占已知水位結(jié)點數(shù)的98.5％和89.5％；模擬期地下水總補給量是325.5104m3，總排泄量是344.29104m3。 （4）采用水量均衡法計算得到目前現(xiàn)狀可開采量為-18.79104m3，處于負(fù)均衡狀態(tài)；在現(xiàn)狀開采量條件下，地下水處于超采狀態(tài)，仍不能滿足當(dāng)前的供水需求。 （5）模型預(yù)測分析結(jié)果表明：增大開采量會加快水位下降和降落漏斗的擴(kuò)展速度，將會引起區(qū)域地下水位下降、土地荒漠化等生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，調(diào)整開采布局是控制漏斗中心水位下降的有效途徑。而實現(xiàn)區(qū)內(nèi)水資源永續(xù)開采，須以可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論為指導(dǎo)思想，建立完善的水資源配置和管理體系。 （6）地下水資源合理開發(fā)利用及保護(hù)的措施為：優(yōu)化開采布局、開發(fā)地表引水工程、整治污染源、建立地下水水位、水質(zhì)動態(tài)監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。
[Abstract]:Urban population growth and social and economic development, increasing water demand, and industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution also contribute to water pollution and deterioration, In this paper, taking Shangzhi City in the middle reaches of Ant River in southeastern Heilongjiang Province and taking groundwater as the main source of water supply, the groundwater resources are evaluated. In order to meet the urgent need of coordinated development of population, resources, environment and economy and society, the sustainable development and utilization of water resources is put forward. Based on the natural geography, social economy, geology and hydrogeological conditions of the study area, a three-dimensional geological structure model is established by using GMS software, and the strata are displayed and analyzed according to the model. According to the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the conceptual model and mathematical model of hydrogeology are established, and the numerical simulation of groundwater flow is carried out by using GMS software, and the recoverable quantity of groundwater is calculated by the method of water balance and the potential of exploitation is evaluated. The groundwater level in the next 20 years is predicted and analyzed by numerical model. According to the data of groundwater level monitored for a long time, the dynamic analysis of water level is carried out, the types and characteristics of water chemistry are analyzed by Aquachem software, and the effective use of ArcGIS platform is combined with mathematical statistics. Random model pest optimization model, fuzzy evaluation and other theories are used to analyze the quantity of water resources and water quality in the study area, and the characteristics of groundwater migration and transformation in the future. On the basis of the above, the sustainable exploitation plan and protection measures of groundwater resources are formulated according to the specific conditions of the study area. The main results of this study are as follows:. 1) A three-dimensional hydrogeological conceptual model is established: the groundwater aquifer is mainly distributed in the floodplain area, the first-order area is composed of the brand-new series, the upper Pleistocene sand and the round gravel, and the confined water aquifer is distributed in the Yu Bo type platform area, and the lithology of the aquifer is that of the middle renewal series sand. Submersible water mainly receives precipitation infiltration and lateral runoff recharge, mainly by artificial mining, evaporation and lateral runoff discharge; confined water mainly accepts lateral runoff recharge, artificial mining and lateral runoff discharge. (2) the chemical types of submersible and confined water in the area are mainly HCO3-Ca mg, dominated by leaching and filtration, and also influenced by human activities; due to the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharge and primary geological environment, iron in groundwater, Manganese, fluoride, cyanide, volatile phenolic plasma exceed the standard, after treatment can be used as drinking water, the main type of water quality is class 鈪

本文編號：1642294