本文選題：地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：低速大轉(zhuǎn)矩直驅(qū)　出處：《沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)應(yīng)用于地質(zhì)勘探，驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆具向地下鉆進(jìn)以獲取實(shí)物地質(zhì)資料，鉆機(jī)由頂驅(qū)、絞車和泥漿泵三大系統(tǒng)組成。絞車在整個(gè)鉆井周期中絞車完成起下鉆具、下套管，送鉆等工作，是鉆機(jī)起升系統(tǒng)中的核心設(shè)備。恒壓自動(dòng)送鉆技術(shù)是衡量一部鉆機(jī)先進(jìn)與否的重要指標(biāo)，由于地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)需采集各種復(fù)雜地層礦樣，自動(dòng)送鉆主要是按照鉆頭反饋的實(shí)時(shí)壓力調(diào)整絞車的運(yùn)行速度，恒定鉆壓的條件下適時(shí)向井底送進(jìn)鉆頭，因此本文的研究重點(diǎn)是關(guān)于絞車的精確控制。 傳統(tǒng)的盤式剎車通過(guò)控制絞車剎車力矩進(jìn)而達(dá)到控制鉆井壓力。異步變頻絞車系統(tǒng)需單獨(dú)設(shè)立一部小功率送鉆電機(jī)外加減速機(jī)。以上方法使得絞車結(jié)構(gòu)變得繁瑣，而且異步電機(jī)低速發(fā)電制動(dòng)狀態(tài)運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)，嚴(yán)重影響了地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)自動(dòng)送鉆效果。為了解決傳統(tǒng)絞車驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的種種問(wèn)題，改善絞車性能，優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和提高自動(dòng)送鉆質(zhì)量，設(shè)計(jì)了低速大轉(zhuǎn)矩永磁電機(jī)直驅(qū)變頻調(diào)速鉆機(jī)系統(tǒng)。本文結(jié)合永磁電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)特性以及變頻調(diào)速控制方法對(duì)此驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了論述，介紹了雙永磁電機(jī)同軸絞車結(jié)構(gòu)，并對(duì)永磁直驅(qū)絞車單電機(jī)和雙電機(jī)同軸帶載實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，然后對(duì)永磁電機(jī)地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)自動(dòng)送鉆技術(shù)進(jìn)行了闡述，針對(duì)地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)自動(dòng)送鉆系統(tǒng)大時(shí)滯、非線性、建模困難的特點(diǎn)采用了模糊控制方法，并設(shè)計(jì)了適合S7-300PLC的查表法程序。最后介紹了該鉆機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件組成。 本套驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)在絞車電機(jī)本體和變頻調(diào)速控制方面優(yōu)化了地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)絞車系統(tǒng)。永磁電機(jī)直驅(qū)絞車系統(tǒng)帶載能力、強(qiáng)控制精度高，滿足了類似于起重機(jī)的起動(dòng)能力和自動(dòng)送鉆過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)跟隨能力。模糊控制自動(dòng)送鉆可低成本提高地質(zhì)鉆機(jī)的送鉆質(zhì)量和鉆井效率。
[Abstract]:The drilling rig is used in geological exploration, driving the drilling tool to the ground to obtain the actual geological data. The drill rig consists of three systems: top drive, winch and mud pump. The work of drilling feed is the core equipment in the hoisting system of drilling rig. The constant pressure automatic drilling feeding technology is an important index to measure the advanced or not of a drilling rig, because the geological rig needs to collect all kinds of mineral samples of complex strata. The main purpose of automatic drilling is to adjust the running speed of the winch according to the real-time pressure of bit feedback and to feed the drill into the bottom of the hole at the same time under the condition of constant drilling pressure. Therefore, the research emphasis of this paper is on the precise control of the winch. The traditional disc brake can control the drilling pressure by controlling the brake torque of the winch. The asynchronous frequency conversion winch system needs to set up a small power feed motor and a reducer separately. In addition, the torque ripple will be obvious when the asynchronous motor is running in the low speed power generation braking state, which seriously affects the automatic drilling performance of the geological drilling rig. In order to solve the problems of the traditional winch drive system and improve the winch performance, The drive structure is optimized and the quality of automatic drilling is improved. The drive system of low speed and large torque permanent magnet motor is designed, which is based on the structure characteristics of permanent magnet motor and the control method of variable frequency speed regulation. This paper introduces the structure of double permanent magnet motor coaxial winch, analyzes the experimental results of single motor and double motor coaxial load of permanent magnet direct drive winch, and then expounds the automatic drilling technology of permanent magnet motor geological drill. In view of the characteristics of large delay, nonlinear and difficult modeling in automatic drilling system of geological drilling rig, the fuzzy control method is adopted, and the program of look-up table method suitable for S7-300 PLC is designed. Finally, the hardware and software composition of the control system of the drilling rig is introduced. This set of drive system optimizes the winch system of geological drilling rig in the aspect of winch motor body and frequency conversion speed regulation control. The permanent magnet motor direct-drive winch system has the ability of carrying load and the strong control precision is high. The fuzzy control automatic drilling feed can improve the drilling quality and drilling efficiency of geological drilling rig at low cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P634.31;TM351

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