本文選題：科爾沁沙地　切入點：地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文通過對科爾沁沙地典型沙丘一草甸相間地區(qū)天然降雨和地下水位數(shù)據(jù)的聯(lián)合觀測,研究了科爾沁沙地不同地貌類型下地下水位對不同降雨量級的響應(yīng)關(guān)系和地下水位動態(tài)特征,并以此為降雨入滲補給系數(shù)的調(diào)參依據(jù),結(jié)合地質(zhì)鉆孔、物探和前人的數(shù)據(jù)資料,利用GMS軟件建立了地下水流三維數(shù)值模擬模型。取得的主要成果有：1)受地下水位埋深、植被類型、土壤物理性質(zhì)和地下水徑流-補給條件影響,同一場次降雨過后研究區(qū)地下水位升幅的大小順序為：草甸地、沙丘區(qū)林地、固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、流動沙丘。2)在沙丘區(qū),降雨量的大小是降雨影響地下水位變動的主要因素,大雨量降雨事件發(fā)生后,地下水位會有一段時間的下降期,其下降期時長和水位升幅與降雨量的大小成負、正相關(guān),但當(dāng)流動沙丘在降雨強度達到40 mm/h,半固定沙丘達到23.8mm/h時地下水位會發(fā)生突變。3)前次降雨事件若為有效降雨,且相距天數(shù)足夠短,降雨就會通過影響沙丘干沙層厚度和土壤含水量進而促進本次降雨對地下水的補給,且對本次降雨前后沙丘區(qū)地下水位變動的影響較草甸區(qū)更大：當(dāng)沙丘地區(qū)地下水位埋深小于某一臨界值時,降雨過程中,地下水位上升速率和水位變幅會變大。4)草甸區(qū)地下水位對不同降雨強度的響應(yīng)比沙丘區(qū)靈敏,且雨后地下水位的波動性更大；在一些較小級別的降雨過程中,草甸區(qū)地下水位在快速上升期的水位升幅會大于某些較大量級的降雨；耕地對干旱區(qū)草甸地地下水位的變化有明顯影響。5)依據(jù)地質(zhì)鉆孔和物探資料,建立了科爾沁沙地典型沙丘—草甸相間地區(qū)三維地質(zhì)模型和數(shù)學(xué)模型。并利用地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬軟件GMS建立了相應(yīng)的水流數(shù)值模型,通過對模型進行多次調(diào)參、運行、識別,結(jié)果表明模型基本達到了對水文地質(zhì)體的仿真,為該地區(qū)水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)的確定、地下水資源的優(yōu)化和該區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。6)研究區(qū)模擬期內(nèi)地下水系統(tǒng)的總補給量為321729.5 m3,總排泄量為-304092.4m3,均衡差為17637.2m3。其中,降雨入滲為主要補給來源,占總補給量的76.7%;蒸發(fā)為主要排泄項,占總排泄量的67.9%,畜牧及生活用水占地下水系統(tǒng)總排泄量的10.8%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the data of natural rainfall and groundwater level in typical dune-meadow area of Horqin sandy land are observed jointly. The response relationship of groundwater level to different rainfall levels and the dynamic characteristics of groundwater level under different geomorphological types in Horqin Sandy Land are studied. The dynamic characteristics of groundwater level are studied, which is used as the reference basis for adjusting rainfall infiltration and recharge coefficient, combined with geological borehole, geophysical exploration and previous data. A three-dimensional numerical simulation model of groundwater flow is established by using GMS software. The main results obtained are: 1) influenced by groundwater table depth, vegetation types, soil physical properties and runoff recharge conditions. The order of the increase of groundwater level in the study area after the same rainfall was as follows: meadow land, woodland in sand dune area, fixed sand dune, semi-fixed sand dune, mobile sand dune. 2) in sand dune area, The magnitude of rainfall is the main factor that affects the change of groundwater level. After the heavy rainfall event, the groundwater level will have a period of decline, and the length of time and the increase of water level will be negative and positive correlation with the amount of rainfall. But when the flow dune reaches 40 mm / h, and the semi-fixed dune reaches 23.8mm / h, the groundwater level changes. 3) if the previous rainfall event is effective, and the number of days is short enough, Rainfall will contribute to the recharge of groundwater by influencing the thickness of dry sand layers and soil water content in the dunes. And the influence on the change of groundwater level in sand dune area before and after this rainfall is greater than that in meadow area: when the buried depth of underground water level in sand dune area is less than a certain critical value, during the rainfall process, The response of groundwater level to different rainfall intensity in meadow area is more sensitive than that in sand dune area, and the fluctuation of underground water level after rain is greater than that in sand dune area. The increase of groundwater level in meadow area during the rapid rising period will be larger than that of some larger order of magnitude rainfall, and the cultivated land has obvious influence on the change of groundwater level of meadow land in arid area. 5) according to the geological borehole and geophysical exploration data, The 3D geological model and mathematical model of typical sand dune-meadow interphase area in Horqin sandy land are established. The corresponding flow numerical model is established by using the groundwater numerical simulation software GMS. The results show that the model basically achieves the simulation of hydrogeological body, which is the determination of hydrogeological parameters in this area. The optimization of groundwater resources and the protection of ecological environment in this area provide a scientific basis. 6) during the simulation period of the study area, the total recharge of groundwater system is 321729.5 m3, the total discharge amount is -304092.4 m3, and the equilibrium difference is 17637.2 m3. Among them, rainfall infiltration is the main source of recharge. Evaporation is the main discharge item, accounting for 67.9% of the total excretion, and livestock and domestic water accounts for 10.8% of the total discharge of groundwater system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.1

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