本文選題：甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂　切入點(diǎn)：構(gòu)造地貌　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂是一條以左旋走滑為主的大型邊界斷裂,歷史上曾發(fā)生多次大地震。本文以其東南段為研究對(duì)象,在總結(jié)前人研究資料的基礎(chǔ)上,基于數(shù)字高程模型(DEM)使用ArcGIS軟件的空間分析工具提取了研究區(qū)地形起伏度、坡度、水系和高程條帶剖面等信息,分析甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂東南段的構(gòu)造地貌特征�；诜中卫碚�,使用模擬網(wǎng)格法估算了研究區(qū)雅礱江水系及其支流的分維數(shù),分析水系分維特征與斷裂活動(dòng)的關(guān)系。通過(guò)航衛(wèi)片解譯和實(shí)地調(diào)查,分析斷裂的幾何特征和空間展布情況。基于分形理論計(jì)算了斷層展布的分維數(shù),分析斷層分維數(shù)的分布情況及其與斷裂活動(dòng)性的關(guān)系。使用無(wú)人機(jī)繪制微地貌圖,總結(jié)斷裂各段滑動(dòng)速率,分析各段活動(dòng)性的差異。最后,分析了竹慶開(kāi)挖的探槽,研究斷裂帶上的古地震事件,得出以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí):(1)甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂東南段地區(qū)地貌和水系明顯受該斷裂所控制。地形起伏度、坡度和高程等受斷裂影響,表現(xiàn)為在斷裂兩盤(pán)和沿線明顯的差異性;水系的流向和線密度受斷裂影響,表現(xiàn)為水系流向與斷裂走向近一致,水系線密度高的區(qū)域主要分布在斷裂帶沿線的盆地區(qū);同時(shí),因水系流向受斷裂帶控制而使河道趨直,靠近斷裂帶的水系分維值偏小。(2)依據(jù)斷層展布及地表破裂分布特征將甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂東南段分為甘孜段和馬尼干戈段兩段。斷裂由數(shù)條近似平行排列的NW向斷層組成,斷層展布總體表現(xiàn)為SE復(fù)雜,NW簡(jiǎn)單。以甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂為主的NW向斷層分維值較高在研究區(qū)內(nèi)具有較強(qiáng)的控制作用;馬尼干戈至錯(cuò)阿附近斷層展布的分維值較高,表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的活動(dòng)性和更復(fù)雜的斷層分布。(3)甘孜-玉樹(shù)斷裂東南段滑動(dòng)速率表現(xiàn)為中間大、兩邊小的特征。竹慶探槽揭露三次古地震事件,事件時(shí)間分別為3830~7280a BP,3530~3830a BP,1320a AD。
[Abstract]:The Ganzi-Yushu fault is a large-scale boundary fault dominated by left-lateral strike-slip, which has occurred many large earthquakes in history. In this paper, the southeastern part of the fault is taken as the research object, and based on summarizing the previous research data, Based on the digital elevation model (DEM), the spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS software are used to extract the information of terrain fluctuation, slope, water system and elevation strip profile in the study area, and to analyze the structural and geomorphological characteristics of the southeast section of the Ganzi-Yushu fault. The fractal dimension of the Yalong River system and its tributaries in the study area was estimated by using the simulation grid method, and the relationship between the fractal dimension characteristics of the water system and the fault activity was analyzed. Based on fractal theory, the fractal dimension of fault distribution is calculated, and the distribution of fault fractal dimension and its relationship with fault activity are analyzed. The slip rate of each segment of the fault is summarized, and the difference of activity in each segment is analyzed. Finally, the trench excavated by Zhuqing is analyzed, and the paleoearthquake events on the fault zone are studied. It is shown that the geomorphology and water system in the southeast section of the Ganzi-Yushu fault are obviously controlled by the fault. Topographic fluctuation, slope and elevation are affected by the fault, which is manifested by the obvious difference between the two plates of the fault and along the line. The direction and density of the water system are affected by the fault, which shows that the flow direction of the water system is nearly consistent with the strike of the fault, the area with high density of the water system is mainly distributed in the basin area along the fault zone, and at the same time, the flow direction of the water system is controlled by the fault zone, which makes the river channel straighten. On the basis of fault distribution and surface fracture distribution, the southeast section of Ganzi-Yushu fault is divided into two sections: Ganzi section and Manigango section. The fault is composed of several NW faults arranged approximately in parallel. The general distribution of the fault is SE complex and NW is simple. The high fractal dimension of the NW fault, which is dominated by the Ganzi-Yushu fault, has a strong controlling effect in the study area, and the fractal dimension of the fault distribution near Manigango to Puia is relatively high. It shows stronger activity and more complex fault distribution.) the slip rate of the southeast section of the Ganzi-Yushu fault is large in the middle and small on both sides. Three paleoearthquake events were revealed by the Zhuqing Prospecting trough, the event time being 3830 ~ 7280a BPU 3530 ~ 3830a BPN 1320a AD.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P542.3;P931.2

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