本文選題：地震預(yù)警　切入點(diǎn)：局部場(chǎng)地　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地震預(yù)警是指在地震發(fā)生以后,利用電磁波的傳播速度大于地震波的速度、P波傳播速度大于S波的特點(diǎn),提前向破壞性S波尚未到達(dá)的地區(qū)發(fā)出預(yù)警,使得不同地區(qū)的人們有著數(shù)秒甚至數(shù)十秒的預(yù)警時(shí)間,采用有效的防災(zāi)措施,盡可能地減少人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。本文首先介紹了地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展和研究現(xiàn)狀,主要針對(duì)地震預(yù)警基礎(chǔ)理論中研究的不足,提出了場(chǎng)地特征的影響作用。 本文主要開展了以下幾點(diǎn)工作： (1)本文主要參照地震動(dòng)參數(shù)研究的方法,利用ANSYS軟件模擬地震波傳播的土層,建立考慮局部場(chǎng)地條件和傳播路徑的場(chǎng)地反應(yīng)分析模型,采用地震響應(yīng)的分析方法,即特征周期的計(jì)算方法(瞬時(shí)特征周期τp max法和特征周期τc法)來(lái)計(jì)算地表的地震動(dòng)參數(shù),并與過(guò)濾前的地震動(dòng)特征參數(shù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,得到傳播路徑、局部場(chǎng)地條件的影響情況。結(jié)果表明,τp max法和τc法都能得到較好的擬合精度,但是τc法優(yōu)于τp max法�；赑波初至前3s時(shí)間窗的位移幅值Pd參數(shù)研究,可以看出其與全過(guò)程的峰值加速度PGA、全過(guò)程的峰值速度PGV都存在著良好的擬合關(guān)系,達(dá)到一定的擬合精度。 (2)本文建立45種單層勻質(zhì)彈性土層模型,進(jìn)一步研究土層類型對(duì)地震動(dòng)幅值、地震動(dòng)特征參數(shù)不同的放大作用。同時(shí)也表明,土層類型變化時(shí),特征參數(shù)與全過(guò)程的峰值加速度都存在良好的線性關(guān)系。本文還對(duì)比研究了土層厚度,多層土層模型的影響情況。 (3)本文對(duì)比了30。、60。斜入射以及垂直入射多層場(chǎng)地情況,結(jié)果表明特征參數(shù)與反應(yīng)地震強(qiáng)度的全過(guò)程峰值加速度之間有著較好的線性關(guān)系。 (4)本文以Coalinga波、El centro波和Mammoth Lakes波的斜入射為例,對(duì)比入射角從0°到90°變化過(guò)程中,地震波各特征參數(shù)的變化情況。峰值加速度PGA,峰值位移P dmax和瞬時(shí)卓越周期τp max值都隨著入射角度的增大逐漸上升,在入射角度為80°時(shí)處于最高點(diǎn),后下降至90°時(shí)處于最低點(diǎn)；而大體上特征周期τc值卻逐漸減少至80°時(shí)取得最小值,后上升至90°時(shí)取得最大值。
[Abstract]:Earthquake warning means that after an earthquake occurs, the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave is faster than that of seismic wave and P wave propagates faster than S wave, and early warning is issued to areas where the destructive S wave has not yet arrived. So that people in different areas have several seconds or even tens of seconds of early warning time, using effective disaster prevention measures, as far as possible to reduce casualties and property losses. First, this paper introduces the development and research status of earthquake early warning system. Aiming at the deficiency of the basic theory of earthquake warning, the influence of site characteristics is put forward. The main work of this paper is as follows:. This paper mainly refers to the research method of seismic parameters, uses ANSYS software to simulate the soil layer of seismic wave propagation, establishes the site response analysis model considering the local site condition and propagation path, and adopts the seismic response analysis method. The calculation method of characteristic period (instantaneous characteristic period 蟿 p max method and characteristic period 蟿 c method) is used to calculate the ground motion parameters, and compared with the characteristic parameters of ground motion before filtering, the propagation path is obtained. The results show that both 蟿 p max method and 蟿 c method have better fitting accuracy, but 蟿 c method is better than 蟿 p max method. It can be seen that it has a good fitting relationship with the peak acceleration of the whole process and the peak velocity PGV of the whole process, and achieves a certain fitting accuracy. In this paper, 45 kinds of homogeneous elastic soil layer models are established to further study the magnification effect of soil types on the amplitude of ground motion and the characteristic parameters of ground motion. At the same time, it is also shown that when the soil type changes, There is a good linear relationship between the characteristic parameters and the peak acceleration of the whole process. The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the characteristic parameters and the peak acceleration of the whole process of response seismic intensity. In this paper, the oblique incidence of Coalinga El centro and Mammoth Lakes is taken as an example to compare the incident angle from 0 擄to 90 擄. The peak acceleration, peak displacement P dmax and instantaneous excellent period 蟿 p max all increase with the increase of incident angle, and are at the highest point at the incidence angle of 80 擄and the lowest point at 90 擄. On the whole, the characteristic period 蟿 c value decreases gradually to 80 擄to obtain the minimum value, and then rises to 90 擄to obtain the maximum value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.9;TU435

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