本文選題：海洋可控源電磁法　切入點(diǎn)：距離因子　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海洋可控源電磁方法(MCSEM-Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method)技術(shù),是基于海底儲(chǔ)層和圍巖之間的電阻率差異為物性基礎(chǔ)的一種頻率域電磁方法,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是對(duì)海底高阻儲(chǔ)層反應(yīng)靈敏,同時(shí)也是儲(chǔ)層評(píng)價(jià)的重要方法。目前,在拖曳工作模式中,發(fā)射機(jī)被拖于距離海底以上沿測(cè)線移動(dòng),而接收機(jī)固定于海底進(jìn)行信號(hào)接收,由于海底環(huán)境復(fù)雜,接收機(jī)接收到的信號(hào)中不同程度會(huì)含有噪聲的干擾,這嚴(yán)重影響了資料解釋的精度和可信度,有必要在MCSEM數(shù)據(jù)處理中開展信號(hào)去噪工作。本文詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了海洋可控源電偶源在不同地電模型上的電磁響應(yīng),并對(duì)不同的地電模型上的電磁響應(yīng)做了分析討論,同時(shí)推導(dǎo)了層狀大地海洋電磁的一維理論計(jì)算公式,使用該算法對(duì)海洋電磁信號(hào)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了分析�；诶碚撃Ｐ陀�(jì)算了海洋可控源電磁場(chǎng)的MVO響應(yīng),分析MVO曲線上所包含的地質(zhì)信息。建立了M1d理論計(jì)算模型,使用推導(dǎo)的正演理論公式計(jì)算了不同參數(shù)下海洋電磁模型的響應(yīng)曲線,并分析了其特征。通過(guò)改變模型參數(shù),詳細(xì)研究了海洋電磁發(fā)射機(jī)姿態(tài)、發(fā)射頻率對(duì)海洋電磁信號(hào)響應(yīng)的影響,同時(shí)研究了海底儲(chǔ)層流體電性、海水深度對(duì)海洋可控源電磁信號(hào)的影響。數(shù)據(jù)去噪的目的是盡可能的恢復(fù)原始數(shù)據(jù)特征,通過(guò)各種方法技術(shù)濾除噪聲信號(hào),保留信號(hào)原有信息,為資料的進(jìn)一步解釋提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)�，F(xiàn)有的去噪算法都是基于傳統(tǒng)的方法技術(shù),數(shù)據(jù)的去噪效果對(duì)輸入的參數(shù)依賴性較大,極大的限制了MCSEM數(shù)據(jù)去噪的效果。本文在分析了海洋電磁信號(hào)噪聲的來(lái)源和類型,并針對(duì)信號(hào)中的隨機(jī)噪聲開展去噪研究。海洋是一個(gè)低通濾波器,所有的高頻人文噪聲將不會(huì)對(duì)海洋電磁信號(hào)造成干擾,其中空氣波的影響主要對(duì)淺海電磁勘探有較大的影響,而對(duì)于深�？諝獠ǖ母蓴_主要在大收發(fā)距的遠(yuǎn)區(qū),所以通過(guò)選擇合適的收發(fā)距來(lái)有效地減小空氣波的干擾。首次把在通信工程中大量使用的自適應(yīng)濾波技術(shù)引入海洋電磁信號(hào)噪聲處理中,詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了自適應(yīng)濾波技術(shù)的理論公式,并針對(duì)LMS自適應(yīng)算法展開詳細(xì)研究,在LMS自適應(yīng)濾波算法中,步長(zhǎng)因子極大的影響了LMS算法的收斂速度和失調(diào)性,大的步長(zhǎng)因子可以加速系統(tǒng)的收斂速度,但是過(guò)大的步長(zhǎng)因子又會(huì)使系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)混亂、失調(diào)現(xiàn)象。而過(guò)小的步長(zhǎng)因子雖然能保證系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定收斂,但會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)的收斂速度,極大的增加了系統(tǒng)代價(jià)。而濾波器的階數(shù)也同樣會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)的濾波效果,大的濾波器階數(shù)可以提高去噪質(zhì)量,但同時(shí)增加了系統(tǒng)的開銷,為此,本文在分析了定步長(zhǎng)LMS自適應(yīng)濾波算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)之后,結(jié)合MCSEM數(shù)據(jù)隨偏移距變化的特征,提出了一種新的基于距離因子調(diào)節(jié)的變步長(zhǎng)DLMS算法,該算法能較好地兼顧系統(tǒng)收斂速度和穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差,改善了現(xiàn)有算法的收斂速度和失調(diào)性問(wèn)題。使用DLMS算法對(duì)理論模型和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,通過(guò)大量的仿真算例的去噪研究表明該算法對(duì)壓制系統(tǒng)中的隨機(jī)信號(hào)非常有效,在此研究基礎(chǔ)上,把該算法應(yīng)用到海洋電磁信號(hào)的去噪過(guò)程中,通過(guò)理論模型和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的去噪研究,結(jié)果表明該算法提高了迭代的收斂速度,同時(shí)保持了系統(tǒng)的平穩(wěn)性,能夠使MVO曲線和視電阻率曲線的特征和細(xì)節(jié)得到有效恢復(fù),證明該方法可以用于海洋電磁信號(hào)的實(shí)際去噪處理中,為海洋電磁數(shù)據(jù)的去噪研究提供了新的研究思路,拓展了海洋電磁數(shù)據(jù)噪聲壓制的新方法,為后續(xù)的海洋電磁數(shù)據(jù)處理和資料解釋提供了一種有效的數(shù)據(jù)處理手段。在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上開展了基于.Net框架的海洋電磁數(shù)據(jù)噪聲處理模塊的開發(fā),該模塊具有數(shù)據(jù)的基本管理、預(yù)處理,噪聲壓制和一維的正反演功能,并可以在可視化界面下建立正演模型數(shù)據(jù),極大的提高了程序模塊的易用性。
[Abstract]:Marine controlled source electromagnetic method (MCSEM-Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method) technology, is the difference between the reservoir resistivity and rock based on the physical basis of a frequency domain electromagnetic method, the utility model has the advantages of high resistivity seabed reservoir sensitive reaction, but also is an important method for reservoir evaluation. At present, in the towing work mode, the transmitter is dragging on the distance above the sea floor along the line of mobile, fixed on the seabed and the receiver signal receiving, due to complex seabed environment, different degree of interference with noise signal received by the receiver, which seriously affected the interpretation precision and reliability, it is necessary to carry out the signal in the MCSEM data processing to noise. This paper presents the electromagnetic marine controlled source electric dipole source in different geoelectric model and the electromagnetic response of geoelectric model on different response analysis At the same time, discussion, calculation formula of one-dimensional theory of marine electromagnetic layered earth is deduced using the algorithm of marine electromagnetic signal response is analyzed. The marine controlled source electromagnetic MVO response was calculated based on the theoretical model, the analysis of geological information contained in the MVO curve. The calculation model is established using the M1d theory, deduced the forward theoretical formula the response curve of marine electromagnetic model under different parameters is calculated, and the analysis of its characteristics. By changing the parameters of the model, a detailed study of the marine electromagnetic transmitter attitude, transmitting frequency effect on marine electromagnetic signal response, at the same time on the seabed reservoir fluid power, effect of water depth on the marine controlled source electromagnetic signal to the data. The purpose of noise is as far as possible to restore the original data characteristics, through a variety of techniques to remove the noise and preserve the original information signal, a step for data interpretation. To provide reliable data. On the basis of the existing denoising algorithms are based on the traditional method of denoising effect on data input parameter dependence is larger, greatly limits the MCSEM data denoising effect. Based on the analysis of the sources and types of marine electromagnetic signal noise, and random noise in the signal to carry out research on denoising. The ocean is a low pass filter, high frequency noise will not cause all human disturbance to the marine electromagnetic signal, the effect of air wave of shallow water electromagnetic exploration has great influence, and for the deep sea air wave interference in the transmitter receiver distance far, so by choosing appropriate offsets to effectively reduce the interference of air wave. The adaptive filtering technique is widely used in communication engineering application are introduced to deal with the noise of the marine electromagnetic signal, deduced the adaptive filtering technology science The formula, and detailed research on LMS adaptive algorithm in LMS adaptive filtering algorithm, the step factor has a great impact on the convergence speed of LMS algorithm and the offset of the step factor can accelerate the convergence speed of the system, but a big step factor will make the system chaos, disorder and phenomenon. Small step factor can ensure the stability of the system convergence, but the convergence rate of the system, greatly increasing the cost of the system. And the order of the filter will also affect the filtering effect of the system, the order of the filter can improve the denoising quality, but also increase the cost of the system, therefore, in this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the fixed step size LMS adaptive filtering algorithm, combining with the characteristics of MCSEM data changes with the offset distance, proposes a variable step size DLMS algorithm based on the new regulation factor, the algorithm can better Take into account the convergence speed and steady-state error, improve the convergence speed of the existing algorithm and offset problem. Using DLMS algorithm to process the theoretical model and measured data, through a lot of simulation results of denoising results show that the algorithm is very effective to suppress the random signal in the system, on the basis of this research, the application of the algorithm the marine electromagnetic signal denoising process, the denoising of the theoretical model and experimental data, the results show that the algorithm improves the convergence rate, while maintaining the stability of the system, can make the MVO curve and the features and details of the apparent resistivity curve can be effectively restored, prove that the method can be used in actual marine electromagnetic signal denoising process, which provides a new method for denoising of marine electromagnetic data, develops a new method of noise suppression of marine electromagnetic data, for the subsequent sea Ocean electromagnetic data processing and data interpretation provides an effective means of data processing. Based on the above research carried out on the development of marine electromagnetic noise data processing module based on.Net framework, the module has the basic management, data preprocessing, and noise suppression and one-dimensional speech function, and forward model the data in the visual interface, which greatly improves the usability of program modules.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.325

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本文編號(hào)：1575709