本文選題：低滲透巖　切入點(diǎn)：非達(dá)西滲流　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：低滲透巖石低速滲流規(guī)律研究是當(dāng)前滲流力學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),對(duì)油氣開發(fā)、污染遷移、危廢填埋等都具有重大意義。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)在研究過(guò)程中均發(fā)現(xiàn)低滲透巖體在低速滲流階段其滲流曲線與達(dá)西定律有明顯偏差,但因受限于實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和條件,難于獲取巖體在低速滲流特別是啟動(dòng)階段的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),使得在低滲透巖體低速滲流機(jī)理和相關(guān)理論研究方面尚未形成統(tǒng)一觀點(diǎn)。研究能夠直接測(cè)量低滲巖體啟動(dòng)壓力梯度和低速滲流狀態(tài)的方法是當(dāng)前低速滲流研究的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),對(duì)于開展低速非達(dá)西流研究具有重大的理論意義和實(shí)際作用。本文對(duì)低滲巖低速非達(dá)西流研究中低速滲流狀態(tài)測(cè)量方法、低流速滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、啟動(dòng)壓力梯度測(cè)量方法以及低速非達(dá)西流機(jī)理等問(wèn)題,運(yùn)用理論分析和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法展開了深入研究,完成了以下工作：1.以動(dòng)力學(xué)手段分析電解極化過(guò)程,提出了采用電解極化示蹤法測(cè)量低速滲流狀態(tài),設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了低速滲流傳感器、測(cè)控系統(tǒng)及數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,并通過(guò)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了電解極化示蹤法能夠測(cè)量μL·min-1級(jí)別的低速滲流狀態(tài)；2.從電動(dòng)現(xiàn)象的原理出發(fā),分析了電滲泵的原理及設(shè)計(jì)方法,設(shè)計(jì)制作了用于低速滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)的電滲泵,進(jìn)行了電滲泵的性能實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,該電滲泵的最大輸出壓力為1.179MPa、流量的分辨率為73.48nL·μL·min-1·V-1,能夠在保證輸出壓力的前提下為低速滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)提供μL·min-1級(jí)別的穩(wěn)定流量；3.根據(jù)電滲泵的工作原理,提出了運(yùn)用電滲泵進(jìn)行低速滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)的電驅(qū)法,介紹了電驅(qū)法基本步驟和啟動(dòng)壓力梯度的測(cè)量方法,設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置及測(cè)控系統(tǒng),并采用等徑毛細(xì)管束模擬巖心和真實(shí)低滲砂巖巖心進(jìn)行了低速滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,電驅(qū)法可以直接測(cè)量啟動(dòng)壓力梯度,能夠在μL·min-1級(jí)別流量條件下獲取更多的滲流狀態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),等徑毛細(xì)管束模擬巖心的滲流曲線為不過(guò)原點(diǎn)的直線、毛細(xì)管存在啟動(dòng)壓力梯度,低滲砂巖巖心具有啟動(dòng)壓力梯度、存在低速非達(dá)西滲流；4.結(jié)合前人的研究成果,提出了非等徑毛細(xì)管束低速非達(dá)西滲流理論模型,給出了孔喉分布與滲流狀態(tài)的關(guān)系,分析了不同孔喉分布條件下的低速滲流狀態(tài),并通過(guò)理論模型推導(dǎo)了流量與壓力梯度的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,孔喉分布差異是導(dǎo)致低速非達(dá)西流的主要原因。論文提出的電驅(qū)法為低滲透巖體低速滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)及啟動(dòng)壓力梯度測(cè)量提供了一種新的方法和技術(shù)手段,能夠直接測(cè)量巖體的啟動(dòng)壓力梯度、可以更好的觀察巖體中μL·min-1級(jí)別流速時(shí)的滲流狀態(tài)。建立的非等徑毛細(xì)管束理論模型,將巖體內(nèi)部孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征與滲流規(guī)律相結(jié)合,能夠較好表征不同孔喉特征時(shí)的低速滲流特征,為低速滲流規(guī)律研究提供了理論依據(jù)和方向指導(dǎo),解釋了巖體在低速滲流時(shí)的不同滲流特征,具有一定的理論價(jià)值和應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The study of low-velocity seepage in low-permeability rock is a hot research topic in the field of seepage mechanics. It is very important for oil and gas development and pollution migration. It is found that the seepage curve of low-permeability rock mass in low-velocity seepage stage is obviously different from Darcy's law, but limited by experimental methods and conditions. It is difficult to obtain the experimental data of rock mass at low velocity seepage, especially in the start-up stage. Because of the lack of a unified view on the mechanism of low-velocity seepage in low-permeability rock mass and related theoretical research, it is an important and difficult point to study the method of measuring the starting pressure gradient and low-velocity percolation state of low-permeability rock mass directly. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the study of low-velocity non-Darcy flow. In this paper, the low-velocity seepage state measurement method and the low-velocity seepage experimental method in low-permeability rock low-velocity non-Darcy flow study are studied. The starting pressure gradient measurement method and the mechanism of low-speed non-Darcy flow are studied in depth by using theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments. The following work has been accomplished: 1. The electrolysis polarization process is analyzed by means of dynamics. In this paper, the electrolytic polarization tracer method is used to measure the low speed percolation state. The low speed seepage sensor, measurement and control system and data processing method are designed and realized. It is proved by simulation experiment that electrolysis polarization tracer method can measure the low speed seepage state of 渭 L 路min-1 level. Based on the principle of electric phenomenon, the principle and design method of electroosmotic pump are analyzed, and the electroosmotic pump used in low speed seepage experiment is designed and manufactured. The performance experiment of electroosmotic pump is carried out. The results show that, The maximum output pressure of the electroosmotic pump is 1.179 MPA and the resolution of flow rate is 73.48 nL 路渭 L 路min-1 路V-1.It can provide a stable flow rate of 渭 L 路min-1 level for the low speed seepage experiment under the premise of ensuring the output pressure. According to the working principle of the electroosmotic pump, In this paper, an electroflooding method using electroosmotic pump for low speed seepage experiment is put forward. The basic steps of electric flooding method and the measuring method of starting pressure gradient are introduced. The corresponding experimental device and measurement and control system are designed. The experiments of low velocity percolation were carried out by using the equal-diameter capillary bundle to simulate the core and the true low-permeability sandstone core. The results show that the starting pressure gradient can be measured directly by the electroflooding method. Under the condition of 渭 L 路min-1 flow rate, more experimental data of seepage state can be obtained. The seepage curve of the core simulated by equal-diameter capillary bundle is a straight line with no origin, and the capillary has a starting pressure gradient, and the low-permeability sandstone core has a starting pressure gradient. There exists low speed non Darcy percolation. Based on the previous research results, a low speed non Darcy seepage model of non equal diameter capillary beam is proposed, and the relationship between pore throat distribution and seepage state is given. The low velocity percolation state under different pore throat distribution conditions is analyzed, and the relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient is deduced by theoretical model. The results show that, The difference of pore throat distribution is the main cause of low velocity non-Darcy flow. The electric flooding method proposed in this paper provides a new method and technical means for low permeability rock mass flow experiment at low speed and the measurement of starting pressure gradient. The starting pressure gradient of rock mass can be measured directly, and the seepage state of rock mass at 渭 L 路min-1 level velocity can be observed better. The non-equal-diameter capillary beam theory model is established, which combines the pore structure characteristics of rock mass with the seepage law. It can better characterize the characteristics of low-velocity seepage under different pore throat characteristics, provide theoretical basis and direction guidance for the study of low-velocity seepage law, explain the different seepage characteristics of rock mass under low-velocity seepage, and have certain theoretical value and application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU45

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