本文選題：等效理論　切入點(diǎn)：各向異性　出處：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：裂縫是特殊巖性儲層(碳酸鹽,頁巖等)的重要儲集空間和運(yùn)移通道,圍繞裂隙介質(zhì)的正反演研究對于深入了解地球介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)、勘探開發(fā)復(fù)雜油氣藏和監(jiān)測預(yù)報(bào)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害等具有重要理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文基于裂縫等效理論深入研究了裂隙介質(zhì)正反演方法,推導(dǎo)了裂縫介質(zhì)地震波傳播特征(相速度、群速度與偏振方向)的精確與近似表達(dá)式,建立了裂縫介質(zhì)三維qP波波動方程有限差分?jǐn)?shù)值模擬算法,研究了裂隙參數(shù)的反演策略和方法�；诰�性滑動等效理論的模型參數(shù)化是實(shí)現(xiàn)裂隙介質(zhì)正反演問題的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文采用等效理論將裂隙介質(zhì)等效為各向異性介質(zhì)的研究思路,并考慮地下壓力的存在使得裂隙介質(zhì)中的裂縫通常為高陡傾角裂縫的特點(diǎn),利用線性滑動與Hudson相結(jié)合的等效理論將單組裂縫等效為HTI介質(zhì),將兩組正交裂縫等效為正交各向異性介質(zhì),將兩組斜交裂縫等效為單斜各向異性介質(zhì),推導(dǎo)了三類不同裂隙介質(zhì)的等效各向異性參數(shù)定量表達(dá)式,利用Thomsen參數(shù)對等效后的各向異性參數(shù)進(jìn)行弱各向異性近似,從而建立起裂隙介質(zhì)正反演的理論基礎(chǔ)。地震波的傳播特征(速度與偏振方向)是開展裂隙介質(zhì)正反問題研究的核心方面。地震波傳播速度作為研究地震波傳播規(guī)律和描述介質(zhì)特征的重要參數(shù),主要包括相速度與群速度。本文利用彈性動力學(xué)三個(gè)基本方程即廣義虎克定律、運(yùn)動微分平衡方程及幾何方程推導(dǎo)了三類裂隙介質(zhì)的Christoffel方程,通過求解Christoffel方程的特征值得到了裂隙介質(zhì)的相速度表達(dá)式,以裂隙介質(zhì)相速度為基礎(chǔ),利用Berryman方程與Crampin方程推導(dǎo)了裂隙介質(zhì)的群速度表達(dá)式,通過求解Christoffel方程的特征向量得到了裂隙介質(zhì)的偏振方向表達(dá)式,并利用Thomsen參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了相速度與偏振方向的弱各向異性近似。qP波波動方程地震正演模擬是研究裂隙介質(zhì)中地震波傳播規(guī)律與地震響應(yīng)特征的重要方法。本文根據(jù)彈性動力學(xué)三個(gè)基本方程即廣義虎克定律、運(yùn)動微分平衡方程及幾何方程推導(dǎo)了裂隙介質(zhì)的彈性波方程,結(jié)合Alkhalifah聲學(xué)近似假設(shè)原理(令橫波速度為零)求取了裂隙介質(zhì)的qP波波動方程,利用有限差分原理將qP波微分方程轉(zhuǎn)化為qP波差分方程,采用完全匹配層邊界條件推導(dǎo)了裂隙介質(zhì)帶有PML邊界的有限差分方程。選用層狀模型和凹陷模型進(jìn)行了正演模擬驗(yàn)證了該數(shù)值模擬精度和準(zhǔn)確度,分析研究了不同模式裂隙介質(zhì)的地震響應(yīng)特征,討論了不同裂縫參數(shù)(裂縫密度、裂縫長度、裂縫寬度與裂縫充填物)與地震波場特征的關(guān)系,并進(jìn)一步利用逆時(shí)偏移結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了正演模擬方法的正確性。疊前地震反演是獲取裂隙參數(shù)和認(rèn)知地下裂縫的有效手段。本文利用裂隙介質(zhì)彈性波相速度與偏振方向,建立了入射波、反射波與透射波的波函數(shù),結(jié)合snell定律與介質(zhì)分界面處的應(yīng)力連續(xù)和位移連續(xù)邊界條件,構(gòu)建了qP波入射裂隙介質(zhì)彈性波分界面的擬Zoeppritz方程,根據(jù)弱各向異性近似與彈性界面的相似近似推導(dǎo)了qP波入射的近似反射系數(shù),分析研究了裂縫參數(shù)的AVOZ特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上利用最小二乘的反演策略實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于兩個(gè)方位地震數(shù)據(jù)反演裂縫參數(shù)的方法,并進(jìn)一步針對模型數(shù)據(jù)通過波形反演方法完成了背景縱波速度的反演研究工作。
[Abstract]:Crack is a special lithologic reservoir (carbonate, shale) in space and the important migration channels around the reservoir, inversion of fractured media research is to understand the earth medium structure, has important theoretical significance and practical significance in the exploration and development of complex oil and gas reservoirs and geological disaster monitoring and forecasting. In this paper, in-depth study of the theory of equivalent crack fracture the medium is derived based on inversion method, seismic wave propagation characteristics of fractured medium (phase velocity, group velocity and polarization direction) of the exact and approximate expressions, establish fractured medium 3D qP wave equation finite difference numerical simulation algorithm, inversion strategy and method to study the fracture parameters. The model parameters of the equivalent linear sliding theory based on the basic theory of the realization of fractured medium and inversion problem. This paper uses the theory of equivalent fracture medium equivalent to the research of anisotropic media, and to consider The presence of pressure makes the fracture medium usually characteristics of high steep crack, using the equivalent linear sliding theory combined with Hudson single group crack equivalent to HTI medium, two groups of orthogonal cracks equivalent to orthotropic medium, two sets of oblique cracks using monoclinic anisotropic media. The quantitative formula of equivalent anisotropic parameters are deduced with three different types of fracture medium, the anisotropic parameter equivalent of weak anisotropy approximation using Thomsen parameters, so as to establish the theoretical basis of fractured medium inversion. The characteristics of seismic wave propagation (velocity and polarization direction) is the core of the research problem and medium cracks. As an important parameter of propagation velocity of seismic wave propagation and describing the media characteristics of seismic waves, including the phase velocity and group velocity. This paper using the elastic dynamics of three The basic equations of the generalized Hooke's law, the differential equilibrium equations and geometric equations deduced the Christoffel equation of the three kind of fractured media, the characteristics of the solution of the Christoffel equation to the fracture medium phase velocity expressions in fractured medium phase velocity as the basis, using Berryman equation and Crampin equation deduced the group velocity expression of fractured media, the the feature vector for solving Christoffel equations has been the polarization direction of the fracture media expression, and the use of Thomsen parameters to achieve weak anisotropic phase velocity and polarization direction of the approximate.QP wave equation seismic forward modeling is an important method for the response characteristics of seismic wave propagation and seismic study of fractured medium. According to the three basic equations of elastic dynamics the generalized Hooke's law, the differential equilibrium equations and geometric equations derived fracture medium elastic wave. The process, combined with the Alkhalifah approximation principle (the acoustic shear wave velocity is zero) for qP wave equation for fractured media, using finite difference qP wave differential equations into difference equations of qP wave principle, the perfectly matched layer boundary conditions are deduced by finite difference fracture medium with PML boundary integral equation is selected. Layered model and depression model for forward simulation to verify the precision and accuracy of the numerical simulation and analysis of response characteristics of different models of fractured medium earthquake, different crack parameters were discussed (crack density, crack length, crack width and crack filling) and seismic wave field characteristics, and further use of the inverse when the migration results verified the correctness of the forward simulation method. The prestack seismic inversion is an effective method to obtain the fracture parameters and fracture cognition. This paper uses the elastic fracture medium wave phase velocity and polarization The establishment of the incident wave direction, wave functions, wave and transmission wave reflection, combined with the stress of Snell's law and the continuous medium interface and continuous displacement boundary conditions, construct the quasi Zoeppritz equation between wave fracture medium elastic wave qP, according to the weak anisotropy approximation and approximation derived approximate reflection coefficient of qP wave incident similar elastic interface, AVOZ to study the characteristics of fracture parameter analysis. On the basis of using the least squares inversion strategy realization method of two azimuth seismic data based on the inversion of fracture parameters, and further the data of model by waveform inversion method to complete the work of inversion of P-wave velocity background.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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