本文選題：泥石流　切入點(diǎn)：運(yùn)移　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：東月各溝位于怒江河谷左岸,怒江流域?qū)儆诘途暥雀呱綅{谷地貌,區(qū)域內(nèi)新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈,相對(duì)高差大,呈立體氣候特征。東月各溝呈狹長(zhǎng)“v”字型特征,兩岸植被發(fā)育覆蓋率高,河床基巖出露,礫石堆積,存在常年性水流。2010年8月18日東月各溝發(fā)生大型高速遠(yuǎn)程粘性泥石流,漿體運(yùn)移距離近10 km,泥石流堆積區(qū)房屋破壞,工廠摧毀,公路交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施蕩然無(wú)存,給社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的損失。山區(qū)是泥石流多發(fā)地區(qū),但東月各溝泥石流遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)移又造成如此巨大的災(zāi)難并不多見(jiàn),深入研究東月各泥石流運(yùn)移機(jī)理及致災(zāi)特性對(duì)科學(xué)研究和泥石流災(zāi)害防治具有重要意義。通過(guò)對(duì)東月各溝泥石流現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘察,分析本次泥石流運(yùn)移及致災(zāi)特征,以室內(nèi)、外模型實(shí)驗(yàn)為手段,研究得出主要結(jié)論如下:1.東月各溝濕潤(rùn)、淺水區(qū)域的基巖、卵石表面生長(zhǎng)的生物膜可以明顯降低其表面摩擦阻力系數(shù),減少水流、泥石流漿體在其表面的能量損耗,增大其運(yùn)移速度。東月各溝泥石流漿體能夠在溝床比降131‰的溝谷中運(yùn)移近10 km,與溝谷中生長(zhǎng)的生物膜存在一定的聯(lián)系。2.泥石流漿體易在溝谷兩岸干燥區(qū)域堆積,不易在溝谷濕潤(rùn)、淺水環(huán)境殘留,主要原因是在濕潤(rùn)、淺水環(huán)境生長(zhǎng)的生物膜降低基巖、卵石表面的摩擦阻力,泥石流漿體在此環(huán)境下更易運(yùn)移。3.東月各泥石流溝流通區(qū)域中下部開(kāi)闊平緩,溝床坡度較小,特別是在距離堆積區(qū)域500 m范圍內(nèi),平均坡度約為5°,流經(jīng)此區(qū)域的泥石流應(yīng)降速減能,而東月各泥石流仍造成巨大災(zāi)害。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研及模型實(shí)驗(yàn)分析得出堆積區(qū)上游500 m處的泥石流龍頭停滯壩潰壩二次形成泥石流,瞬間巨量漿體高速噴向堆積區(qū),是本次泥石流致災(zāi)嚴(yán)重的關(guān)鍵因素。4.通過(guò)五組不同高度的泥石流龍頭壩潰壩模型實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)合東月各溝谷形態(tài)、泥石流漿體混雜較多巨石及大型喬木等現(xiàn)象,得出東月各泥石流漿體在溝谷運(yùn)移過(guò)程中應(yīng)存在多次堵塞壩在短時(shí)間內(nèi)潰壩二次形成泥石流現(xiàn)象。東月各泥石流運(yùn)移過(guò)程中大小陣流共發(fā)生13次,與東月各泥石流堵塞壩潰壩現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Each trench of the East Moon is located on the left bank of the Nujiang River Valley, and the Nujiang Valley belongs to the low-latitude alpine canyon geomorphology. The neotectonic movement in the area is strong, the relative height difference is large, and it is a three-dimensional climatic feature. Each trench in the East Moon is characterized by a long and narrow "v" shape. The vegetation coverage on both sides is high, the bedrock is exposed, gravel accumulates, and there is perennial water flow. In August 18th 2010, large high speed and long distance viscous debris flow occurred in each gully of Dongyue, and the distance of slurry transport was close to 10 km, and the houses in the debris flow accumulation area were destroyed. The destruction of factories and the destruction of road transport infrastructure have caused serious losses to social economy and people's property. Mountainous areas are prone to mudslides, but remote migration of mudslides in the eastern moon is rare. It is of great significance for scientific research and prevention of debris flow disaster to study the mechanism and characteristics of debris flow movement in Dongyue. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The biofilm growing on the surface of pebbles can obviously reduce the friction coefficient and reduce the flow of water in the wetted and shallow water regions of the east moon, and the biofilm growing on the pebble surface can obviously reduce the friction coefficient on the surface of the pebble. Energy loss of debris flow slurry on its surface, The debris flow slurry can be transported nearly 10 km in the gully with a ratio of 131 鈥，

本文編號(hào)：1560269