本文關(guān)鍵詞：雷州半島玄武巖殘積土的工程地質(zhì)特性研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

第36卷 第5期 巖 土 工 程 學(xué) 報(bào) Vol.36 No.5 2014年5月 Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering May 2014 DOI：10.11779/CJGE201405007

雷州半島玄武巖殘積土的工程地質(zhì)特性研究

張先偉1，2，孔令偉，臧 濛 11

（1. 中國科學(xué)院武漢巖土力學(xué)研究所巖土力學(xué)與工程國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，湖北 武漢 430071；2. 同濟(jì)大學(xué)巖土及地下工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，上海 200092）

摘 要：雷州半島玄武巖殘積土屬于區(qū)域性特殊土，全面系統(tǒng)地評(píng)價(jià)玄武巖殘積土的工程地質(zhì)特性對(duì)于該地區(qū)建設(shè)、

地質(zhì)工程勘察具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。玄武巖殘積土是由玄武巖經(jīng)過長期緩慢的風(fēng)化分解與紅土化作用形成，土層分布具

有上細(xì)下粗的結(jié)構(gòu)特征。黏土礦物以高嶺石類為主，含有較多的游離氧化鐵、鋁。微觀結(jié)構(gòu)以凝塊和絮凝結(jié)構(gòu)為主，

粒徑小于1 μm的微孔占總孔隙70%以上。特殊的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成與結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)導(dǎo)致其具有高孔隙率、低密度、高液限的物理特

性，但強(qiáng)度較高的力學(xué)特征。該土的膨脹性小，但收縮性較大，夯擊壓實(shí)效果差，抗水性差，浸水飽和后力學(xué)性質(zhì)劣

化明顯，同時(shí)對(duì)溫度與濕度等環(huán)境因素敏感，在炎熱多雨的氣候影響下，顆粒間膠質(zhì)容易發(fā)生脫水老化，導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)

度減損，微觀尺度上結(jié)構(gòu)擾動(dòng)、破壞，遇水產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的崩解現(xiàn)象與較大的濕陷變形，實(shí)際工程應(yīng)關(guān)注強(qiáng)收縮勢(shì)與降雨

積水引發(fā)的工程災(zāi)害。

關(guān)鍵詞：雷州半島；玄武巖殘積土；工程特性；微觀結(jié)構(gòu)；礦物成分

中圖分類號(hào)：TU446 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1000–4548(2014)05–0855–09

作者簡介：張先偉 (1982– )，男，，黑龍江省龍江人，博士，助理研究員，從事特殊土的力學(xué)特性研究。E-mail: xwzhang@ 。

Engineering geological characteristics of basalt residual soils in Leizhou Peninsula

ZHANG Xian-wei1, 2, KONG Ling-wei1, ZANG Meng1

(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji

University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract: The basalt residual soil in Leizhou Peninsula is special regional soil. Comprehensive and systematic evaluation of engineering geological characteristics of the basalt residual soil can provide a certain theoretical support for its engineering investigation and construction. It is formed from the basalt by a long period of weathering and laterization, and the soil particles in the upper layer are smaller than those in the lower layer. Its clay mineral is mainly kaolin, furthermore, it contains more free iron oxide and free aluminium oxide. Its microstructure is mainly clot and flocculation structure, and the pores with a size of greater than 1 μm are more than 70% of the total porosity. The basalt residual soil has poor physical properties of high porosity, low density, high liquid limit and possesses better mechanical properties of high strength because of special composition and microstructure. The basalt residual soil has small expansibility, great shrinkage, insignificant tamping compatibility, and poor water resistance, and its mechanical properties are deteriorated significantly after immersion in water. And the basalt residual soil is more sensitive to the environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. The cementing materials of skeleton will dehydrate and exhibit aging in hot and wet climate, and thus their structural strength is weakened and microstructure is disturbed and damaged. The soils after immersion show serious disintegration and large collapsible deformation. Therefore, geotechnical engineers should pay close attention to engineering disasters due to strong shrinkage and meteoric water.

Key words: Leizhou Peninsula; basalt residual soil; engineering characteristic; microstructure; mineral composition

0 引 言

中國的雷州半島及海南島北部廣泛分布著第四系

噴發(fā)的玄武巖（圖1），雷州半島玄武巖發(fā)育在喜馬拉

雅構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)雷瓊斷陷中，形成時(shí)期可劃分為早晚兩期，

早期為中更新世（石峁嶺組Q2s）；晚期為晚更新世（湖光巖組Q3h）[1]。該區(qū)氣候?qū)贉嘏睗�，干濕季�?jié)變化明顯的熱帶季風(fēng)氣候，這為玄武巖快速風(fēng)化分解及紅─────── 基金項(xiàng)目：湖北省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（2011CDB406）；巖土及地下工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室（同濟(jì)大學(xué)）開放課題（KLE-TJGE-B1103）

收稿日期：2013–09–23

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