本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地下水水質(zhì) 有機污染評價 水文地球化學反向模擬 地下水脆弱性 DRAV模型 焉耆盆地平原區(qū)　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：焉耆盆地位于新疆天山中段南麓,新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州境內(nèi),盆地四周環(huán)山,呈菱形,地勢從西北向東南、周邊山嶺向盆地中心(博斯騰湖——我國最大的內(nèi)陸淡水湖)傾斜。地下水資源是焉耆盆地生活、生產(chǎn)及生態(tài)用水的主要供水水源。隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展,水的供需矛盾日益突出。近幾十年來隨著不斷加劇的人類活動,地下水水質(zhì)退化日趨嚴重。如何有效地解決地下水水質(zhì)變差、水位下降等環(huán)境水文地質(zhì)問題,合理利用地下水資源,成為我們工作的關(guān)鍵。因此,深入研究焉耆盆地地下水水質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀、演化特征及水文地球化學過程對合理開發(fā)地下水資源及保護地下水環(huán)境具有重要意義。本文以焉耆盆地平原區(qū)的焉耆縣、博湖縣、和靜縣及和碩縣等4縣的地下水為主要研究對象,采用地下水質(zhì)量與污染評價、水文地球化學反向模擬、潛水脆弱性評價等方法,綜合分析地下水化學檢測數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件,對研究區(qū)地下水水質(zhì)、水化學特征、水文地球化學過程及潛水脆弱性進行系統(tǒng)研究。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)2011~2014年焉耆盆地平原區(qū)地下水化學類型由HCO3-Ca型過渡到SO4·Cl-Na型。2014年平原區(qū)地下水水化學類型均呈現(xiàn)為山前沖洪積扇向博斯騰湖以HCO3→SO4→Cl順序變化;由山前傾斜平原的HCO3-Ca型水過渡到細土平原的HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca型水,最終過渡為盆地邊緣的Cl·SO4-Na·Ca型水。1999~2014年平原區(qū)地下水HCO3-Ca型水和HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca型水的面積在逐漸增大,增幅分別為133.5 km2和501.5 km2;Cl·SO4-Na·Ca型水的分區(qū)面積逐漸減小,降幅為1537.6 km2。(2)1999年和2014年間地下水TDS差異極顯著(P0.01);TDS受宏量陰離子中的Cl-含量及宏量陽離子中的K++Na+含量影響最為顯著,與陰離子關(guān)系密切程度依次為Cl-、SO42-和HCO3-,與陽離子關(guān)系密切程度依次為K++Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+,部分礦物風化溶解是平原區(qū)地下水主要的離子來源。在時間尺度上,1983~2014年地下水TDS均值整體呈現(xiàn)先升高再有所降低而后又升高再降低的趨勢;在空間尺度上,1999~2014年地下水TDS濃度小于1 g/L區(qū)域面積呈增加的趨勢。(3)2014年42眼監(jiān)測井地下水質(zhì)量評價結(jié)果為:焉耆盆地平原區(qū)4個潛水監(jiān)測井,水質(zhì)較好,均達到III類水質(zhì)標準;11個淺層承壓水監(jiān)測井中,水質(zhì)類別屬于Ⅴ類的監(jiān)測井2個,占淺層承壓水監(jiān)測井的18.1%,總監(jiān)測井的4.8%;27個深層承壓水監(jiān)測井中,水質(zhì)類別屬于Ⅴ類的監(jiān)測井6個,占深層承壓水監(jiān)測井的22.3%,總監(jiān)測井的14.3%。2014年焉耆盆地平原區(qū)地下水質(zhì)量從優(yōu)到劣的順序是潛水、淺層承壓水和深層承壓水。(4)首次將地下水有機污染物納入檢測項目,檢測有機污染物共計39項,焉耆盆地平原區(qū)地下水中檢出的有機污染物共有3種,分別是三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯苯,檢出率分別為31.0%、2.4%和2.4%,檢出的三項有機污染物含量均低于飲用水標準;通過多介質(zhì)污染評價系統(tǒng)進行地下水有機污染評價,各有機污染物檢出點不會對環(huán)境造成明顯危害。(5)2014年42眼監(jiān)測井地下水污染評價結(jié)果為:焉耆盆地平原區(qū)潛水屬于未受污染和輕微污染的狀態(tài),屬于未污染采樣點3個、輕微污染采樣點1個,分別占潛水采樣點的75.0%和25.0%;淺層承壓水屬于未污染和輕微污染的狀態(tài),屬于未污染采樣點9個、輕微污染采樣點2個,分別占淺層承壓水采樣點的81.8%和18.2%;深層承壓水表現(xiàn)為未污染、輕微污染及中度污染狀態(tài),屬于未污染采樣點20個、輕微污染采樣點5個、中度污染采樣點2個,分別占深層承壓水采樣點的74.1%、18.5%和7.4%。2014年焉耆盆地平原區(qū)地下水污染程度從輕到重的順序為淺層承壓水、潛水和深層承壓水。(6)通過對焉耆盆地平原區(qū)典型剖面水文地球化學反向模擬,闡明了研究區(qū)地下水所經(jīng)歷的水文地球化學作用(水解、蒸發(fā)濃縮、陽離子交換、溶解沉淀和氧化還原作用等)。根據(jù)地層巖性、離子比例及水文地球化學反向模擬等方面揭示了研究區(qū)典型剖面潛水至深層承壓水,由淺至深陽離子交換作用越來越強烈。(7)利用DRAV模型對焉耆盆地平原區(qū)潛水脆弱性進行了評價,得出極高脆弱性、高脆弱性、中等脆弱性和低脆弱性(脆弱性指數(shù)分別為8.0、6.0~8.0、4.0~6.0和2.0~4.0)分區(qū)面積分別占研究區(qū)總面積的2.5%、21.5%、49.3%和26.7%;脆弱性較高區(qū)域包氣帶巖性主要為顆粒較大的砂礫石。
[Abstract]:Yanqi basin is located in the south of the Middle Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Bayinguoleng Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture, the basin is surrounded by mountains, a diamond, the terrain from the northwest to the southeast, the surrounding mountains to the center of the basin (Bosten Lake, China's largest inland freshwater lake) tilt. Groundwater is the main source of water supply in Yanqi basin of life, production and ecological water with. The rapid development of industry and agriculture and urbanization, the contradiction between supply and demand of water has become increasingly prominent. In recent decades, with the increasing human activities, groundwater quality degradation has become increasingly serious. How to effectively solve the water quality deterioration, water level and so on environmental hydrogeological problems, reasonable utilization of groundwater resources, become the key of our work therefore., a thorough study of the present situation of groundwater quality in Yanqi basin, the evolution characteristics and hydrogeochemical process of protecting groundwater environment for the rational development of groundwater resources and protection Is of great significance. In this paper, taking the plain area of Yanqi basin in Yanqi County, Bohu County, Hejing county and 4 counties in Heshuo County groundwater as the main research object, the groundwater quality and pollution assessment, hydrogeochemical reverse simulation, diving vulnerability evaluation method, comprehensive analysis of groundwater chemical detection data, combined with the hydrogeology conditions in the study area, the groundwater quality in the study area, water chemistry characteristics, systematic study of the hydrogeochemical process and diving vulnerability. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) 2011~2014 in Yanqi plain groundwater basin of type by type HCO3-Ca transition to SO4 - Cl-Na.2014 groundwater water chemistry type showed the Piedmont alluvial fan to Bosten Lake in HCO3 - SO4 - Cl sequence changes; From Piedmont Plain of HCO3-Ca water transition to fine soil plain HCO3 - SO4-Na - Ca water, the final transition Basin The edge of the Cl SO4-Na Ca.1999~2014 type water groundwater water type HCO3-Ca and HCO3 - SO4-Na - Ca type water area increases gradually, an increase of 133.5 km2 and 501.5 km2; Cl - SO4-Na - Ca type water partition area gradually decreases, a decline of 1537.6 km2. (2) between 1999 and 2014 groundwater TDS significant difference (P0.01); TDS was affected by the K++Na+ content and Cl- content of macro cationic macro anions in the most significant, and the relationship between the close degree of anion were Cl-, SO42- and HCO3-, and the relationship between the close degree of cation were K++Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, part of mineral weathering dissolution is ion source groundwater mainly. In the time scale, 1983~2014 TDS presents the overall mean groundwater increased first and then decreased and then increased and then decreased; in the spatial scale, 1999~2014 groundwater concentration of TDS is less than 1 g/L area Product showed an increasing trend. (3) the results for 2014 42 monitoring wells of groundwater quality evaluation: 4 diving monitoring wells, the plain area of Yanqi basin, better water quality, have reached the class III water quality standard; 11 shallow confined water monitoring wells, water quality monitoring wells belongs to the category V 2, accounting for shallow confined water monitoring wells 18.1%, director of the 4.8% logging 27; deep confined water monitoring wells, water quality belongs to the category V monitoring wells 6, accounting for deep confined water monitoring wells 22.3%, director of the 14.3%.2014 logging groundwater in plain area of Yanqi basin, the quality of good to bad order is diving, shallow confined water and deep confined water. (4) for the first time, the organic pollutants in groundwater into the detection project, a total of 39 organic pollutants, organic pollutants detected in groundwater in Yanqi basin area in a total of 3 species, namely chloroform, 1,2- two and 1,2- two chlorobenzene chloroethane, detection rate Were 31%, 2.4% and 2.4%, three organic pollutants were detected were lower than the standard of drinking water; Groundwater Organic Pollution Evaluation by evaluation of multi medium pollution system, the organic pollutants detection point will not cause significant harm to the environment. (5) in 2014 42 monitoring wells of groundwater pollution evaluation results: the plain area of Yanqi basin is diving without pollution or light pollution, no pollution belongs to the 3 sampling points, slightly polluted sampling point 1, accounted for 75% and 25% diving sampling points; the state of shallow confined water was not polluted and slight pollution, no pollution belongs to the 9 sampling points, slightly polluted sampling point 2 respectively, shallow confined water sampling points 81.8% and 18.2%; the deep confined water is not contaminated, slight pollution and moderate pollution, pollution did not belong to the 20 sampling points, 5 sampling points are slightly polluted, moderately polluted sampling point 2, Respectively, the deep confined water sampling points 74.1%, 18.5% and 7.4%.2014 in Yanqi basin area groundwater pollution degree from mild to severe order of shallow confined water and phreatic water and confined water. (6) through the simulation of the plain area of Yanqi basin typical section of hydrogeochemical reverse, the hydrogeochemical action of groundwater experience (hydrolysis, evaporation, ion exchange, dissolution and precipitation and oxidation reduction etc.). According to lithology, ion ratio and hydrogeochemical reverse simulation reveals the typical profile of diving to deep confined water in the study area, from shallow to deep cation exchange more and more intense. (7) to dive plain area of Yanqi basin vulnerability was evaluated by the DRAV model, the high vulnerability to high vulnerability, moderate vulnerability and low vulnerability (fragility index was 8.0,6.0~8.0,4.0~6.0 and 2 respectively. ~4.0) zoning area accounts for 2.5%, 21.5%, 49.3% and 26.7% of the total area of the study area, and the lithology of high fragile zone gas zone is mainly sand gravel.

【學位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P641.3;X523

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