本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鄂爾多斯盆地 地下水化學(xué)特征 形成機制 多元統(tǒng)計　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：位于中國西北部干旱半干旱缺水地區(qū)的鄂爾多斯盆地,地下水資源是該地區(qū)居民生活、工農(nóng)業(yè)用水的主要來源。盆地北部煤炭資源大規(guī)模開采、地下水資源過度、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)頻繁等人類活動對該地區(qū)地下水產(chǎn)生一定影響,因此分析該區(qū)域地下水的化學(xué)特征及其形成機制對了解地下水與環(huán)境的相互關(guān)系及更合理地利用地下水資源尤為重要。本文基于中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局“鄂爾多斯盆地地下水污染調(diào)查評價”項目,利用2014年采集的盆地北部石炭系-侏羅系碎屑巖含水系統(tǒng)的84個淺層地下水樣品和白堊系碎屑巖裂隙孔隙含水系統(tǒng)的134個淺層地下水樣品數(shù)據(jù),通過各水質(zhì)指標的統(tǒng)計特征分析,將聚類分析、判別分析等多元統(tǒng)計分析方法與離子比例關(guān)系圖、水化學(xué)類型、Gibbs圖相結(jié)合,研究鄂爾多斯盆地北部兩個不同含水系統(tǒng)地下水的化學(xué)特征、水化學(xué)過程及其形成機制。結(jié)果表明,石炭系-侏羅系碎屑巖含水系統(tǒng)中地下水主要為礦化度中等偏低的中性-弱堿性淡水,整體上水質(zhì)良好,僅有個別采樣點發(fā)現(xiàn)水質(zhì)超標現(xiàn)象;地下水化學(xué)類型為Ca-Mg-HCO_3型,硅酸鹽的風(fēng)化作用是主要水化學(xué)成因,另外還伴隨有蒸發(fā)濃縮和陽離子交替吸附作用,硝酸鹽是主要污染因子。白堊系裂隙孔隙含水系統(tǒng)地下水為中性-弱堿性水,礦化度偏高,整體水質(zhì)較差,其中硫酸鹽、氟化物、氯離子和三氮超標現(xiàn)象最為嚴重。地下水化學(xué)類型混雜,包括Ca·Mg-SO_4·Cl型、Ca·Mg-HCO_3型、Na-SO_4·Cl型和Na-SO_4型。該含水系統(tǒng)地下水離子成分形成的原因是水巖作用和蒸發(fā)-分餾結(jié)晶作用,地下水中存在硅酸鹽風(fēng)化溶解、硫酸鹽溶解、土壤中芒硝溶解等作用,該含水系統(tǒng)的主要污染因子同樣是硝酸鹽,而個別采樣點含量異常高的硫酸根可能是由地層中存在的黃鐵礦氧化、石油天然氣開采及農(nóng)業(yè)施肥等造成的。
[Abstract]:The Ordos Basin is located in the arid and semi-arid region of northwest China. Groundwater resources are the main source of water for people living in the area and for industry and agriculture. Coal resources in the northern part of the basin are exploited on a large scale and groundwater resources are excessive. The frequent agricultural production and other human activities have a certain impact on the groundwater in this area. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the chemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in this area in order to understand the relationship between groundwater and environment and to utilize groundwater resources more reasonably. This paper is based on the "Ordos Basin" of China Geological Survey. Investigation and Evaluation of groundwater pollution, Based on the data collected in 2014 from 84 shallow groundwater samples of Carboniferous Jurassic clastic rock water-bearing system and 134 shallow groundwater samples of Cretaceous clastic rock fissure pore water system collected in 2014. Through the statistical characteristic analysis of each water quality index, the multivariate statistical analysis methods, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and so on, are combined with the ion ratio diagram and the Gibbs diagram of water chemistry type. The chemical characteristics, hydrochemical process and formation mechanism of groundwater in two different water-bearing systems in northern Ordos Basin are studied. The groundwater in the water system of Carboniferous Jurassic clastic rocks is mainly neutral and weak alkaline fresh water with medium and low mineralization degree, and the water quality is good on the whole, only a few sampling points find water quality exceeding the standard, and the chemical type of groundwater is Ca-Mg-HCO_3 type. The weathering of silicate is the main hydrochemical origin, in addition, it is accompanied by evaporative concentration and cation alternate adsorption. Nitrate is the main pollution factor. The groundwater of the Cretaceous fissure pore water system is neutral and weak alkaline water. The salinity is on the high side and the overall water quality is poor, among which sulfate, fluoride, chloride ion and trinitrogen are the most serious phenomena. It includes Ca 路Mg-SO_4 路Cl, Ca 路Mg-HCO_3, Na-SO _ 4 路Cl and Na-SO_4. The reasons for the formation of ion composition in the water system are water-rock action and evaporation-fractionation crystallization, silicate weathering dissolution, sulfate dissolution, and nitrate dissolution in soil, etc. The main pollution factor of this water bearing system is also nitrate, and the sulphate radical with high content in individual sampling sites may be caused by pyrite oxidation, oil and gas exploitation and agricultural fertilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.3

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