本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 數(shù)據(jù)處理 數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量　出處：《成都理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國是一個地質(zhì)災(zāi)害多發(fā)的國家,災(zāi)害類型多樣、分布廣泛,對群眾的生產(chǎn)生活和社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展造成了巨大的影響。在地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測與預警過程中,收集處理地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)是重要步驟之一,因此數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量可以說是地質(zhì)災(zāi)害項目的靈魂與核心,與能否取得預期成果息息相關(guān)。由于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的特性,地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)不僅包括發(fā)生地的地質(zhì)地理條件,還包括社會經(jīng)濟條件,日新月異的信息變化為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)的收集與處理增加了難度,帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。如何保證地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量、做出科學的決策、開展防災(zāi)減災(zāi)活動,是地質(zhì)災(zāi)害項目中需要思考的問題。對此,需要提出數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢查和控制方面的問題,并加以研究和解決。以西藏阿里普蘭縣地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)為例,對如何開展地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量控制與處理工作進行了研究,旨在檢驗數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量問題,優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)精度,開展后續(xù)工作。依照地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)行業(yè)標準等相關(guān)資料,數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢查包括數(shù)據(jù)完整性、空間數(shù)據(jù)定位準確性、邏輯一致性等方面。在研究中,將地質(zhì)災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)分為屬性數(shù)據(jù)和空間數(shù)據(jù):屬性數(shù)據(jù)主要表達地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點的資料收集和調(diào)查情況,并作出初步推斷和預測;空間數(shù)據(jù)主要對屬性數(shù)據(jù)的地理位置、地形地貌、地物類型等內(nèi)容進行細化補全,得到地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點在空間上的反映結(jié)果。依照標準對二者分別檢查,并優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量,主要研究內(nèi)容為:(1)依托于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查等方面的理論基礎(chǔ)和行業(yè)標準,進行了屬性數(shù)據(jù)完整性和準確性檢查。由于地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點的災(zāi)害類型不同,需要檢查的內(nèi)容也有所不同,對不同類型的災(zāi)害點依照不同的質(zhì)檢標準進行檢查,補全了缺失的屬性數(shù)據(jù)項,刪除了多余的數(shù)據(jù)項,并將屬性數(shù)據(jù)依照AHP層次分析法進行篩選整合處理,為關(guān)聯(lián)檢查做好準備工作;(2)對空間數(shù)據(jù)進行了數(shù)據(jù)采集精度和空間數(shù)據(jù)定位準確性的檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)了等高線斷線、地理配準不夠精確等質(zhì)量問題,并加以校正,根據(jù)空間內(nèi)插運算的原理,結(jié)合TIN和反距離權(quán)重法,對等高線數(shù)據(jù)進行了較為科學準確的補全重連;對空間數(shù)據(jù)進行ISODATA非監(jiān)督分類法,利用已有影像圖驗證分類精度;根據(jù)圖形特征點提取的相關(guān)理論,提取了以形狀特征為主的控制點,進行柵格到矢量的地理配準,校正地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點定位上存在的細微偏差;(3)將屬性數(shù)據(jù)與空間數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來進行關(guān)聯(lián)檢查,通過對比地形、覆被等因素,得到關(guān)聯(lián)檢查驗證表,發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題,并提出可行的工作建議。
[Abstract]:China is a country prone to geological disasters, which has a variety of types and wide distribution, which has a great impact on the production and life of the masses and the development of social economy. In the process of monitoring and early warning of geological disasters, The collection and processing of geological hazard data is one of the important steps, so data quality can be said to be the soul and core of geological disaster project, which is closely related to whether or not the expected results can be achieved. Geological hazard data include not only the geological and geographical conditions of the place where they occur, but also social and economic conditions. The ever-changing information makes it more difficult to collect and process geological hazard data. This brings challenges. How to ensure the quality of geological hazard data, make scientific decisions, and carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities is a problem to be considered in geological hazard projects. In this regard, problems in data quality inspection and control need to be raised. Taking the geological hazard data of Aliplan County in Tibet as an example, this paper studies how to carry out the quality control and processing of geological hazard data in order to test the problem of data quality and optimize the data accuracy. To carry out follow-up work. In accordance with relevant data such as geological and mineral industry standards, data quality checks include data integrity, spatial data positioning accuracy, logical consistency, and so on. The geological hazard data is divided into attribute data and spatial data: attribute data mainly express the data collection and survey of geological hazard points, and make preliminary inference and prediction; spatial data mainly relate to the geographical location, topography and geomorphology of attribute data, The types of ground objects are refined and completed, and the spatial reflection results of geological hazard points are obtained. They are checked separately according to the standards, and the quality of the data is optimized. The main research content is: 1) based on the theoretical basis and industry standards of geological hazard investigation and other aspects, the integrity and accuracy of attribute data are checked. Due to the different types of disasters in geological hazard sites, the contents that need to be inspected are also different. The different types of disaster points are checked according to different quality inspection standards, the missing attribute data items are filled, the redundant data items are deleted, and the attribute data is filtered and integrated according to the AHP Analytic hierarchy process. The accuracy of data acquisition and location of spatial data is checked, and the quality problems of contour line breaking and geographic registration are found and corrected. According to the principle of spatial interpolation, combined with TIN and inverse distance weight method, the contour data is complemented with full and accurate method, and the spatial data is classified by ISODATA unsupervised classification method, and the classification accuracy is verified by the existing image map. According to the theory of drawing feature points, the control points with shape feature are extracted, and the raster-to-vector geographic registration is carried out. The minor deviation in the location of corrected geological hazard points is used to combine attribute data with spatial data for correlation checking. By comparing terrain, covering and other factors, the associated check verification table is obtained, and the quality problems are found. And put forward feasible work suggestion.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P694

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本文編號：1516969