本文關(guān)鍵詞： “寬緩”溝道型 “窄陡”溝道型 泥石流危險(xiǎn)性 致災(zāi)機(jī)理 CFX數(shù)值模擬 防治措施有效組合　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2008年“5.12”汶川特大地震極重影響區(qū)內(nèi)的都(江堰)—汶(川)高速沿線兩側(cè)溝道,普遍存在“寬緩”和“窄陡”兩種類型,“寬緩”溝道型往往具有溝道縱坡緩、平均寬度大、流域面積大的特點(diǎn),而“窄陡”溝道型則剛好相反。受強(qiáng)烈地震作用,溝道內(nèi)形成了大量的崩滑物源,在極端暴雨條件下,這兩種溝道類型都極易在震區(qū)內(nèi)形成大規(guī)模突發(fā)性泥石流災(zāi)害。一般情況下,“寬緩”溝道型泥石流因溝道“寬緩”適合人類工程活動(dòng)(如修建水電站、安置工業(yè)及生活區(qū)等)、且溝口堆積扇通常有人類集中居住而備受人們重視,對(duì)“窄陡”溝道型泥石流則因地形陡峭、流域面積小、溝內(nèi)人類工程活動(dòng)少,對(duì)其開展研究及重視程度相對(duì)較低。論文結(jié)合四川省都汶高速沿線2013年“7.10”特大型群發(fā)性泥石流爆發(fā)情況,在對(duì)桃關(guān)溝、磨子溝、七盤溝、福堂溝等13條泥石流的發(fā)育特征及其危害性進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)以“寬緩”溝道型的桃關(guān)溝、“窄陡”溝道型的磨子溝泥石流為實(shí)例,針對(duì)這兩類泥石流對(duì)溝口段都汶高速、岷江等造成的沖擊淤埋及堵塞問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查泥石流形成條件和發(fā)育特征,深入分析研究了不同類型溝道泥石流的致災(zāi)機(jī)理,并利用大型流體動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算軟件CFX模擬再現(xiàn)50年一遇暴雨頻率下這兩種溝道類型典型泥石流的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程,分析泥石流速度場(chǎng)分布及其對(duì)沿溝建筑物的影響,重點(diǎn)研究了泥石流對(duì)都汶高速橋梁段橋墩的沖擊力及危害性,評(píng)價(jià)其對(duì)都汶高速橋梁的沖擊作用、對(duì)岷江的堵塞程度,以及回水淹沒兩岸居民安置點(diǎn)的破壞性影響。論文還針對(duì)不同類型泥石流的溝道特點(diǎn)及致災(zāi)機(jī)理,進(jìn)行了防治措施的有效組合研究,分類提出了泥石流防治工程措施建議。論文從兩類泥石流的形成機(jī)理、危險(xiǎn)性預(yù)測(cè)、動(dòng)力學(xué)過程數(shù)值模擬、災(zāi)害鏈研究及治理工程有效性分析等方面進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究,得到以下主要認(rèn)識(shí):(1)根據(jù)野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查和資料收集,針對(duì)都汶高速沿線兩側(cè)不同溝道的地形地貌、流域面積、溝道寬度等條件,提出了 “寬緩”和“窄陡”型溝道泥石流的分類概念。通過對(duì)都汶高速沿線2013年“7.10”爆發(fā)的13條典型泥石流溝的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,提出“寬緩”和“窄陡”溝道型泥石流的定義及分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(2)采用基于優(yōu)化理論和最大熵原理的優(yōu)化組合賦權(quán)法,建立了都汶高速沿線2013年“7.10”泥石流的危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)這13條泥石流溝進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果與泥石流的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)相吻合。(3)以桃關(guān)溝為例,通過分析其物源條件、地形條件、降雨條件,對(duì)“寬緩”溝道型泥石流的致災(zāi)機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明,溝道內(nèi)崩滑物源因洪水側(cè)蝕直接參與補(bǔ)給,溝床物源因洪水或泥石流下切淘刷補(bǔ)給,而坡頂震裂物源在降雨作用下以溯源侵蝕參與泥石流活動(dòng)已經(jīng)成為地震災(zāi)區(qū)泥石流一種新的物源補(bǔ)給形式。(4)針對(duì)“窄陡”溝道型泥石流,以磨子溝為例,通過分析其物源條件、地形條件、降雨條件,研究該種類型泥石流災(zāi)害的致災(zāi)機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,磨子溝“7.10”泥石流是大型崩塌堆積體在暴雨條件下的溝道堵塞潰決所致,放大效應(yīng)和級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng)極為明顯。(5)在兩種溝道類型泥石流災(zāi)害的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程研究中,采用CFX大型流體計(jì)算軟件,模擬再現(xiàn)了 2013年“7.10”桃關(guān)溝、磨子溝泥石流的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程、危險(xiǎn)范圍,利用數(shù)值模擬得到的流速、流量等動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),計(jì)算出桃關(guān)溝泥石流對(duì)都汶高速橋梁段橋墩的沖擊力,預(yù)測(cè)出磨子溝泥石流堵塞岷江的危險(xiǎn)程度及堰塞壩潰決的回水淹沒范圍。(6)依據(jù)“寬緩”和“窄陡”溝道型泥石流的致災(zāi)機(jī)理及其危害性,在闡明泥石流常規(guī)治理工程措施類型及其適用性的基礎(chǔ)上,以桃關(guān)溝和磨子溝為例,分別針對(duì)其溝道特點(diǎn)及治理目標(biāo),并結(jié)合已經(jīng)實(shí)施的治理工程運(yùn)行效果,分別提出了兩種溝道類型泥石流溝的有效治理工程措施。
[Abstract]:2008 "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake affected area are very heavy (Jiang Yan) - Wen (Sichuan) high speed along both sides of the channel, widespread "relief" and "narrow" two types of "Leniency" channel often has a channel with gentle slope, the average width of large river basin the area is large, and the "narrow" channel type is just the opposite. Under strong earthquake, the channel in the formation of a large number of landslide source in extreme storm conditions, these two kinds of channel types are very easy to form a large burst of debris flow in the earthquake region. In general, "wide slow channel type debris flow channel for" relief "for human engineering activities (such as the construction of a hydropower station, for industrial and living area, etc.) and Mizoguchi accumulation fan usually has attracted more and more attention to human living, on the" narrow "channel type debris flow due to steep terrain, small catchment area, ditch human engineering Less activity, to carry out research and importance is relatively low. Combining with the Sichuan province Timor speed along the 2013 "7.10" large mass of debris flow in the outbreak, peach Guangou, Mozigou, seven disc groove, the basis of investigation and analysis of the development characteristics and hazards of Futang 13 debris flow ditch on the key to "lenient" channel type Guangou "Mozigou peach, narrow and steep gully type debris flow" as an example, for these two types of debris flow on Duwen Mizoguchi high-speed, makes a systematic research on the impact caused by the blockage and buried Minjiang. Formation conditions and development features through field investigation the debris flow, analyze the disaster mechanism of different types of debris flow gully, and calculation software CFX to simulate 50 years of a rainstorm frequency dynamics of the two channel types of typical debris flow process using the fluid dynamics analysis The debris flow velocity field distribution and its influence on the buildings along the ditch, focuses on the research of debris flow on the Timor high-speed bridge section pier impact and harm, to evaluate the impact of Duwen highway bridge, the blockage of Minjiang River, and the resettlement of residents on both sides of the backwater inundation destructive impact point. The paper also channel characteristics according to the different types of debris flow and damage mechanism, studied the effective combination of prevention and control measures, the classification proposed engineering measures of debris flow control. This paper from the two types of debris flow formation mechanism, risk prediction, numerical simulation of dynamics process, carried out a systematic study of disaster chain research and control engineering effectiveness analysis. Results are as follows: (1) according to the field geological survey and data collection, the Timor speed along both sides of different channel topography, drainage area, channel width, Put forward the "classification relief" and "narrow" type of debris flow gully. Through statistical analysis of the parameters of 13 typical debris flows on Duwen Expressway in 2013 "7.10" the outbreak of the proposed definition of "Leniency" and "narrow" channel type debris flow and classification (. 2) the optimal combination weighting method and optimization theory based on maximum entropy principle, established the Duwen high speed along the 2013 "7.10" debris flow risk assessment model for the risk assessment of the 13 debris flow, current situation and development trend of debris flow and the evaluation results coincide. (3) in Guangou peach for example, through the analysis of the source conditions, terrain conditions, rainfall conditions, to research the disaster mechanism of "Leniency" gully debris flow. The results show that the channel landslide source for flood lateral erosion directly involved in the supply of gully bed source due to flooding or mudslides Cut the scouring supplies, and shattered the source of slope under rainfall on debris flow activity has become involved in the headward erosion earthquake debris flow a new source form. (4) according to the "narrow" gully type debris flow, with Mozigou as an example, through the analysis of the source conditions, terrain conditions the rainfall conditions, disaster mechanism study of the types of debris flow. The results show that the Mozigou "7.10" is a large debris flow collapse accumulation trench under storm conditions blockage caused by burst, amplification and cascade effect is very obvious. (5) to study the dynamic process in two types of debris flow channel in using CFX numerical simulation software, simulated the 2013 "7.10" peach Guangou, dangerous range kinetics, Mozi gully debris flow, the velocity obtained by using numerical simulation, flow dynamics parameters, calculate the peach Guangou debris Flow impact on Timor high-speed bridge pier, predict the degree of risk and backwater weir dam outburst debris flow Mozigou Minjiang River blocked flooded area (6). On the basis of the "cause and hazard of disaster relief mechanism" and "narrow" gully type debris flow, debris flow based on expounding the conventional measures project types and their applicability, and with the peach Guangou Mozigou for example, respectively according to the channel characteristics and the goal of governance, governance and combined with the engineering operation effect has been implemented respectively, and put forward some effective governance engineering measures two channel type debris flow.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23

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