本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格 GPU 三維模型正演 振幅分析　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在油氣勘探中,隨著對(duì)地震勘探精度要求的不斷提高,對(duì)地震成像方法的要求已不僅僅是滿足于得到地下構(gòu)造成像,更希望能夠得到地下目標(biāo)巖性體的振幅信息。人們通過(guò)對(duì)地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行偏移成像得到反射界面的成像振幅,并認(rèn)為成像振幅能夠反映出反射界面的巖性變化,進(jìn)而通過(guò)沿層屬性切片技術(shù)對(duì)地下儲(chǔ)層空間展布進(jìn)行刻畫(huà)。但是受上覆地層復(fù)雜地質(zhì)構(gòu)造的影響,偏移得到的目標(biāo)層位的振幅信息無(wú)法正確反映巖性信息的變化。保幅偏移成像方法是從反演角度來(lái)消除上覆地層介質(zhì)的影響。但是對(duì)于上覆地層和目的層成像之間的關(guān)系依然鮮有研究。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,從正演的角度出發(fā),借助GPU并行加速技術(shù),使用高階交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格有限差分方法對(duì)不同地質(zhì)模型進(jìn)行正演模擬,研究上覆地層和目的層成像振幅信息之間的關(guān)系,為后續(xù)實(shí)際地震資料處理過(guò)程中進(jìn)行巖性識(shí)別、儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)提供理論幫助。在交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格有限差分公式的推導(dǎo)過(guò)程中,將PML衰減系數(shù)整合到差分公式中,將核心計(jì)算區(qū)域和PML邊界吸收區(qū)域統(tǒng)一起來(lái),建立了含PML衰減系數(shù)的交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格有限差分公式。結(jié)合交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格和GPU的特點(diǎn),使用GPU對(duì)交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格有限差分算法進(jìn)行加速,充分利用GPU芯片內(nèi)的高速共享存儲(chǔ)器,實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于GPU的三維高階交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格有限差分正演模擬算法,提高了算法的計(jì)算效率并取得了滿意的結(jié)果。通過(guò)三維高階交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格有限差分正演模擬GPU算法對(duì)不同的模型進(jìn)行正演模擬,研究了目的層成像振幅隨上覆傾斜界面傾角變化的規(guī)律。從上覆界面的深度、高差和上下層速度等幾個(gè)方面,研究了水平界面、背斜界面和向斜界面對(duì)目的層成像振幅的影響。分析了上覆巖性異常體的速度、半徑的變化和目的層成像振幅之間的關(guān)系�；谝幌盗姓菽M結(jié)果,分析了上覆地層介質(zhì)變化與目標(biāo)層振幅之間的量化關(guān)系,對(duì)于分析偏移成像后地震振幅的保真性具有理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In oil and gas exploration, with the increasing requirement of seismic exploration precision, the requirement of seismic imaging method is not only satisfied with the imaging of underground structures. It is more desirable to get amplitude information of underground target lithologic body. The imaging amplitude of reflection interface is obtained by migration imaging of seismic data, and it is considered that imaging amplitude can reflect the lithologic change of reflection interface. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of underground reservoir is characterized by the technique of stratigraphic slicing. However, influenced by the complex geological structure of overlying strata, The amplitude information of the target layer obtained by migration can not reflect the change of lithologic information correctly. The method of amplitude preserving migration imaging is to eliminate the influence of overlying stratum media from the angle of inversion. There is still little research on the relationship. From the forward modeling point of view, with the help of GPU parallel acceleration technique, the forward modeling of different geological models is carried out by using the high-order staggered grid finite difference method, and the relationship between the imaging amplitude information of the overlying strata and the target layer is studied. It provides theoretical help for lithology identification and reservoir prediction in the course of seismic data processing. In the derivation of staggered grid finite difference formula, the PML attenuation coefficient is integrated into the difference formula. By unifying the core computing region and the absorbing region of PML boundary, a finite difference formula of staggered grid with PML attenuation coefficient is established. Combined with the characteristics of staggered grid and GPU, GPU is used to accelerate the staggered grid finite difference algorithm. Taking full advantage of the high-speed shared memory in GPU chip, a 3D high order staggered grid finite difference forward modeling algorithm based on GPU is realized. The computational efficiency of the algorithm is improved and satisfactory results are obtained. The forward simulation of different models is carried out by using the GPU algorithm of three-dimensional high-order staggered grid finite difference forward modeling. The variation of the imaging amplitude of the target layer with the dip angle of the overlying inclined interface is studied. The horizontal interface is studied from the depth of the overlying interface, the height difference and the velocity of the upper and lower layers. The influence of anticline interface and syncline interface on imaging amplitude of target layer is analyzed. The relationship between velocity, radius variation of overlying lithologic anomaly and imaging amplitude of target layer is analyzed. Based on a series of forward simulation results, The quantitative relationship between the variation of overlying media and the amplitude of the target layer is analyzed, which is of theoretical significance and practical value for the analysis of the fidelity of seismic amplitude after migration imaging.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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