本文關鍵詞： 多源遙感數(shù)據(jù) 河套平原 第四紀地質(zhì) 土地利用　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：河套平原覆蓋區(qū)地表基本為晚更新世(Qp3)以來的沉積物所覆蓋,如何開展平原區(qū)的第四紀地質(zhì)填圖、填圖的內(nèi)容及成果的表達等一直是個難題。前人在研究區(qū)及周邊地區(qū)對基巖、礦產(chǎn)、活動構造做過一系列地質(zhì)調(diào)查及遙感方面研究工作,但對于河套盆地內(nèi)第四系的成因類型、微地形及微地貌、新構造運動的地貌響應及活動斷裂空間展布與土地利用現(xiàn)狀及鹽漬化程度定量分析等方面研究較為薄弱。為此開展的填圖試點工作中,進行遙感地質(zhì)調(diào)查至關重要。本文基于多源遙感數(shù)據(jù),在充分吸收、梳理前人的研究資料和成果及其存在問題的基礎上。對河套盆地第四紀地質(zhì)、新構造、活動構造、土地利用狀況開展多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)的方法研究。本文取得的主要成果有:(1)根據(jù)研究區(qū)內(nèi)第四系分布狀況以及區(qū)內(nèi)構造活動性差異,對SPOT-6、ASTER數(shù)據(jù)進行了波段合成、波段融合、直方圖均衡化、主成分分析等一系列數(shù)字增強處理,利用DEM數(shù)據(jù)及無人機航測數(shù)據(jù)定性、定量的提取地貌特征參數(shù),建立了在河套盆地開展多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)研究的遙感技術處理流程。(2)根據(jù)SPOT-6、ASTER數(shù)據(jù)識別區(qū)內(nèi)的不同地質(zhì)體的不同影紋特征,初步確定區(qū)內(nèi)第四系的分布及相對時序的劃分,并通過野外實地驗證建立第四紀沉積物的遙感解譯標志,指導后期填圖工作。(3)利用無人機對測區(qū)進行航空攝影測量提取高精度DEM數(shù)據(jù)并進行渲染后,從宏觀尺度上解譯、分析河流階地的展布和延伸方向等形態(tài)特征及屬性,結(jié)合野外河流階地剖面測制確定河流階地的物質(zhì)組成及級序。對山前活動斷裂帶活動斷裂的斷裂地貌錯段特征及其幾何學、運動學特征的研究,提取了新構造、活動構造等方面的定量數(shù)據(jù),分析山前活動斷裂垂直運動與水平錯動的活動強度。(4)對研究區(qū)的土地利用各地類面積進行量化統(tǒng)計并對數(shù)據(jù)精細分析,進而對研究區(qū)土地利用結(jié)構、土地利用空間差異、土地利用程度進行了系統(tǒng)研究。為河套盆地的土地利用規(guī)劃提供基礎參考資料。
[Abstract]:The surface of Hetao Plain overlying area is basically covered by sediments since late Pleistocene (Qp3). How to develop Quaternary geological mapping in plain area, the content of mapping and the expression of results have always been a difficult problem. A series of geological surveys and remote sensing studies have been done on minerals and active structures, but for the genetic types, microtopography and microtopography of Quaternary systems in the Hetao Basin, The geomorphic response of neotectonic movement, the distribution of active fault space, the present situation of land use and the quantitative analysis of salinization degree are relatively weak. It is very important to carry out remote sensing geological survey. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, this paper studies the Quaternary geology, neotectonics and active structures of Hetao Basin on the basis of fully absorbing and combing the previous research data and achievements as well as the existing problems. The main achievements of this paper are: 1) according to the distribution of Quaternary system and the difference of tectonic activity in the study area, the SPOT-6 ASTER data are synthesized and fused. Histogram equalization, principal component analysis and a series of digital enhancement processing, using DEM data and UAV aerial survey data qualitative, quantitative extraction of geomorphological parameters, The processing flow of remote sensing technology for multi-source remote sensing data research in Hetao basin is established. According to the different shaded features of different geological bodies in the SPOT-6 / ASTER data identification area, the distribution of Quaternary system and the division of relative time series in this area are preliminarily determined. The remote sensing interpretation mark of Quaternary sediments is established through field verification, and later mapping work is directed. The UAV is used to carry out aerial photogrammetry to extract high-precision DEM data and render them, and then interpret them from the macro scale. Based on the analysis of the distribution and extension direction of river terraces, the material composition and sequence of river terraces are determined in combination with field river terrace profiling. The characteristics and geometry of fault-geomorphological faults in active fault zones in front of mountains are analyzed. Based on the study of kinematics, quantitative data of neotectonic and active structures are extracted. The paper analyzes the vertical movement of active faults in front of mountains and the activity intensity of horizontal dislocation. It makes quantitative statistics on the area of land use in the study area and fine analysis of the data, and then analyzes the land use structure and the spatial difference of land use in the study area. The land use degree is studied systematically, which provides basic reference materials for land use planning of Hetao basin.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F301;P627
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本文編號：1508529