本文關(guān)鍵詞： 直流電法 頂板破壞 地電特征 動態(tài)監(jiān)測　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：煤層頂板受采動破壞影響產(chǎn)生裂隙帶和冒落帶,易引發(fā)頂板突水事故,因此,進(jìn)行頂板破壞冒落帶動態(tài)監(jiān)測具有十分重要的意義。實驗表明巖石在破壞過程中電阻率會有明顯變化,這一現(xiàn)象成為應(yīng)用直流電法進(jìn)行頂板破壞冒落帶動態(tài)監(jiān)測的物理基礎(chǔ)。本文通過分析頂板覆巖破壞的電阻率變化特征,提出了采動過程中頂板破壞的地球物理監(jiān)測方法,從而有效的預(yù)防頂板突水事故。本文通過對頂板覆巖破壞特征和巖石破壞時電阻率變化規(guī)律的研究,依據(jù)礦井水文地質(zhì)特點,建立了不同地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、工作面推進(jìn)不同距離的頂板巖層破壞地電模型,對地電模型進(jìn)行了直流電法三維正演模擬,并對正演數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了反演,得到了工作面推進(jìn)過程中煤層頂板冒落帶發(fā)育動態(tài)變化的視電阻率斷面圖。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明:直流電法能有效探測頂板破壞冒落帶和裂隙帶,不同構(gòu)造的視電阻率等值線圖差異較大,在不同推進(jìn)階段,視電阻率分布規(guī)律與頂板冒落帶和裂隙帶發(fā)育范圍吻合,為采用直流電法監(jiān)測頂板破壞冒落帶和裂隙帶奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)物理模擬的相似原理,在實驗室中采用物理模型模擬實際探測中的地電模型,結(jié)果表明:隨著工作面的推進(jìn),頂板破壞范圍不斷增大,視電阻率分布與模型中冒落帶與裂隙帶范圍相符,整體上物理模擬的視電阻率變化特征與數(shù)值模擬吻合,進(jìn)一步驗證了直流電法可以用于頂板破壞的監(jiān)測。結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬和物理模擬實驗結(jié)果,對鄂爾多斯某礦工作面頂板受懫動影響破壞動態(tài)監(jiān)測的資料進(jìn)行解釋,得出了鄂爾多斯某礦工作面頂板破壞的范圍隨著工作面的推進(jìn)不斷增大,冒落帶和裂隙帶的最大破壞深度分別為20m和50m,破壞范圍和視電阻率變化特征與數(shù)值模擬和物理模擬的結(jié)果基本吻合。地面直流電阻率法能夠準(zhǔn)確的反映頂板覆巖受懫動影響的電阻率變化特征及頂板所含的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造,確定冒落帶和裂隙帶的范圍。通過數(shù)值模擬、物理模擬和工程實例的研究和應(yīng)用,證明直流電阻率法用于監(jiān)測懫動影響下頂板破壞是切實可行的,具有實際應(yīng)用的潛力。
[Abstract]:The roof of coal seam is affected by mining failure to produce fissure zone and caving zone, which is easy to cause roof water inrush accident, so, Dynamic monitoring of roof caving zone is very important. The experiment shows that the resistivity of rock will change obviously during the process of failure. This phenomenon has become the physical basis for dynamic monitoring of roof failure and caving zone by using direct current method. This paper presents a geophysical monitoring method for roof failure in mining process by analyzing the characteristics of resistivity variation of roof overburden failure. In this paper, the failure characteristics of roof overburden and the law of resistivity variation during rock failure are studied, and different geological structures are established according to the characteristics of mine hydrogeology. In this paper, the geoelectric model of roof failure at different distances is advanced, and the direct current method is used to simulate the geoelectric model, and the forward data are inversed. The apparent resistivity profile of the dynamic change of the roof caving zone in coal seam during the working face advance is obtained. The numerical simulation results show that the direct current method can effectively detect the roof caving zone and fracture zone. The apparent resistivity isoline maps of different structures differ greatly, and the distribution of apparent resistivity in different stages coincides with the development range of roof falling zone and fracture zone. It lays a theoretical foundation for the direct current electric method to monitor the roof failure falling zone and fracture zone. According to the similarity principle of physical simulation, the physical model is used to simulate the geoelectric model in the laboratory. The results show that with the advance of the working face, the roof failure range increases, and the apparent resistivity distribution accords with the falling zone and fracture zone in the model, and the variation characteristics of apparent resistivity in the whole physical simulation coincide with the numerical simulation. It is further verified that DC method can be used to monitor roof failure. Combined with the results of numerical and physical simulation experiments, the dynamic monitoring data of roof failure affected by movement in a certain coal face in Ordos coal mine are explained. It is concluded that the roof failure range of a certain coal face in Ordos coal mine increases with the advance of the working face. The maximum failure depth of caving zone and fracture zone are 20m and 50m, respectively. The variation characteristics of failure range and apparent resistivity are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation and physical simulation. The surface DC resistivity method can accurately reflect the roof overburden. The characteristics of resistivity change and the geological structure contained in the roof, which are affected by the movement, Through numerical simulation, physical simulation and application of engineering examples, it is proved that the DC resistivity method is feasible for monitoring roof failure under the influence of movement, and has the potential of practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD327.2;P631.3

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