本文關(guān)鍵詞： 工程堆載 黃土滑坡 模型試驗(yàn) 成因機(jī)理 變形分區(qū)　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó),黃土分布面積為63萬(wàn)km2,約占陸地面積的6.6%,黃土高原地區(qū)黃土分布廣泛、地層完整、沉積厚度大,使之成為黃土天然博物館,也是世界黃土研究的前沿高地。黨的十八大提出的城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)目標(biāo),在黃土高原地區(qū),黃土重大災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重制約城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè),很難在該地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)任務(wù)。如蘭州市,黃土滑坡、崩塌、泥流等重大黃土地質(zhì)災(zāi)害幾乎包圍了這座城市,人們生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全受到嚴(yán)重威脅,黃土重大災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重制約了蘭州城市的發(fā)展;陜北革命圣地延安市,市區(qū)主要集中狹長(zhǎng)的斜坡地帶,共發(fā)育有大型黃土滑坡、崩塌近80處,黃土重大災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重制約了延安城市的發(fā)展。蘭州市和延安市都被迫在郊縣削山填溝,興建新城,填土場(chǎng)地修建新城區(qū)很難回避由工程堆載觸發(fā)的黃土滑坡災(zāi)害問(wèn)題。本論文以工程堆載觸發(fā)黃土滑坡的孕育、成災(zāi)及演化機(jī)理為研究主線(xiàn),對(duì)其分布規(guī)律、孕災(zāi)模式、成因機(jī)理、演化過(guò)程等理論和技術(shù)方法進(jìn)行較為深入系統(tǒng)研究,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)觸發(fā)黃土滑坡的主要堆載類(lèi)型:面狀堆載、點(diǎn)狀堆載,其中面狀堆載又可分為條形均布荷載、矩形均布荷載和方形均布荷載以及三角形面狀荷載;(2)堆載對(duì)坡體豎向應(yīng)力的影響深度較大,對(duì)水平應(yīng)力的影響深度約為荷載區(qū)寬度的2倍,堆載引起的最大剪應(yīng)力出現(xiàn)在荷載區(qū)邊緣,這也是荷載區(qū)邊緣出現(xiàn)剪切裂縫的主要原因;(3)堆載觸發(fā)黃土滑坡一般發(fā)育兩條滑帶,加載區(qū)外側(cè)拉張裂縫區(qū)裂縫向下延展與剪切裂縫聯(lián)通形成淺層滑帶,一般在坡體的中部剪出,加載區(qū)內(nèi)側(cè)拉張裂縫區(qū)裂縫向下延展與剪切裂縫聯(lián)通形成的深層滑帶,一般在坡腳附近剪出;(4)結(jié)合物理模型試驗(yàn)、離心模型試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算及邊坡土體附加應(yīng)力綜合分析,邊坡體的塑性區(qū)首先出現(xiàn)在張拉破壞區(qū)下部和坡腳,并向坡體中間延展,堆載觸發(fā)黃土滑坡變形分區(qū)既滑動(dòng)區(qū)、變形影響區(qū)和非影響區(qū);(5)工程堆載觸發(fā)邊坡變形破壞可分為三種模式:觸發(fā)老滑坡復(fù)活、觸發(fā)飽水層蠕滑變形、觸發(fā)填土區(qū)邊坡變形破壞;堆載觸發(fā)黃土滑坡滑帶的形態(tài)及形成過(guò)程與荷載值、荷載部位及邊坡坡度有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In China, the loess distribution area is 630,000 km ~ 2, accounting for about 6.6% of the land area. Loess in the Loess Plateau region is widely distributed, stratigraphic integrity, deposition thickness is large, making it a loess natural museum. It is also the advanced highland of loess research in the world. The goal of urbanization is put forward by the 18 Party Congress. In the Loess Plateau region, the major disasters of loess seriously restrict the urbanization construction. It is difficult to achieve the target tasks in this area. For example, Lanzhou City, loess landslide, collapse, mudflow and other major loess geological disasters almost surrounded the city, people's lives and property safety is seriously threatened. The development of Lanzhou city is seriously restricted by the major disasters in loess. The city of Yan'an, a revolutionary shrine in northern Shaanxi, is mainly concentrated on narrow sloping areas. There are large loess landslides and nearly 80 landslips in the urban area. The development of Yanan city is seriously restricted by the major disasters in loess. Both Lanzhou and Yan'an are forced to cut mountains and fill ditches in suburban counties to build new cities. It is difficult to avoid the loess landslide disaster caused by engineering heaps in the construction of new urban areas. In this paper, the mechanism of engineering heaps triggering loess landslides is taken as the main line of study, and its distribution law is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the main types of heaps triggered by loess landslides: surface heaps, dotted heaps. The surface load can be divided into strip uniform load, rectangular uniform load, square uniform load and triangular plane load. (2) the depth of influence of surcharge on vertical stress of slope body is great, and the depth of influence on horizontal stress is about 2 times of the width of load zone, and the maximum shear stress caused by surcharge appears at the edge of load zone. This is also the main reason for the shear cracks in the edge of the load zone. Generally, two slip zones are developed in the Loess landslide triggered by heap-load. The cracks in the lateral tension fracture zone extend downward and the shear cracks connect to form a shallow slip zone, which is generally cut out in the middle of the slope body. The deep slip zone formed by the downward extension of the cracks in the inner tension fracture zone of the loading area and the connection of the shear cracks are generally cut out near the foot of the slope. Combined with physical model test, centrifugal model test, numerical simulation and comprehensive analysis of additional stress of slope soil, the plastic zone of slope body first appears in the lower part of tensile failure zone and slope foot. And it extends to the middle of the slope, and the load triggers the loess landslide deformation zone, which includes the sliding zone, the deformation affected area and the non-influence area. 5) the deformation and failure of the slope triggered by heaps can be divided into three types: triggering the revival of the old landslide, triggering the creep deformation of the saturated layer and triggering the deformation and failure of the slope in the fill area; The shape and forming process of the loess landslide slide triggered by the surcharge are related to the load value, load position and slope gradient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P642.22

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