發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-30 02:09

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 花崗巖 三軸壓縮試驗(yàn) 張拉壓剪裂隙 滲透性 微觀力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：能源地下存儲(chǔ)、CO_2地質(zhì)封存、石油天然氣和礦產(chǎn)的開(kāi)采以及高放廢物地下處置等眾多與水相關(guān)的巖石工程是世界各國(guó)都十分關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。在眾多巖石中,由于花崗巖具有滲透性小、致密、強(qiáng)度高等一系列適合核廢料、石油、天然氣地下貯存的特點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)花崗巖的力學(xué)行為進(jìn)行了大量的研究。由于地下巖石工程的開(kāi)挖與建造,形成了巖體開(kāi)挖擾動(dòng)區(qū),在開(kāi)挖擾動(dòng)區(qū)的近場(chǎng)形成張拉裂隙而遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)則形成壓剪裂隙,以及地下水的存在,能源以及高放射性廢物地下處置必須考慮以下諸滲流-應(yīng)力過(guò)程的相互作用:1)由于地下巖石工程的開(kāi)挖而引起的花崗巖區(qū)域碎裂過(guò)程以及由此而引起的巖體滲透率及裂隙張開(kāi)度的變化;2)由于以上過(guò)程造成的地下水流場(chǎng)的變化,以及流場(chǎng)內(nèi)壓力對(duì)巖體應(yīng)力、變形的反作用。由于完整花崗巖的滲透性極低,地下巖石工程的開(kāi)挖擾動(dòng)區(qū)多場(chǎng)耦合突出的特點(diǎn):花崗巖裂隙中的多場(chǎng)耦合。由以上論述可見(jiàn),建立真正能夠從物理化學(xué)力學(xué)內(nèi)在機(jī)制上準(zhǔn)確反映開(kāi)挖擾動(dòng)區(qū)花崗巖裂隙滲流-應(yīng)力耦合機(jī)理的理論模型和分析方法仍然是急需突破的首要課題和關(guān)鍵難題。事實(shí)上,開(kāi)挖擾動(dòng)區(qū)花崗巖裂隙滲流-應(yīng)力耦合的宏觀效應(yīng)有其明確和深刻的細(xì)觀機(jī)制,只有從細(xì)觀角度出發(fā),分析花崗巖張拉和壓剪裂隙內(nèi)滲流-應(yīng)力耦合作用的不同機(jī)理,建立滲流-應(yīng)力耦合條件下花崗巖裂隙細(xì)觀-宏觀的尺度關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)制,才有可能建立真正能夠從物理化學(xué)力學(xué)機(jī)制上準(zhǔn)確反映開(kāi)挖擾動(dòng)區(qū)花崗巖裂隙滲流-應(yīng)力耦合機(jī)理的理論模型和分析方法。本文著重從細(xì)觀角度對(duì)張拉和壓剪裂隙內(nèi)的滲流-應(yīng)力耦合機(jī)理進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究。論文主要研究工作和取得成果:1.開(kāi)展了花崗巖常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:花崗巖明顯地具有脆性巖石的一些基本力學(xué)特征,如峰值強(qiáng)度對(duì)圍壓敏感性,破壞方式脆-延轉(zhuǎn)化,體積變形壓縮-膨脹轉(zhuǎn)化。2.開(kāi)展了對(duì)含張拉-壓剪裂隙花崗巖滲透性試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:1)隨著靜水壓力的增加,所有試樣的滲透率均迅速減小,然后趨于某個(gè)穩(wěn)定值。這是由于裂隙的開(kāi)度隨靜水壓力增大而減小造成的;2)含張拉-壓剪裂隙試樣滲透率減小的速率,隨著靜水壓力的增加而減小;3)隨著靜水壓力的增加,含張拉裂隙試樣的滲透率減小的速率大于含壓剪裂隙試樣的滲透率的減小速率。3.為了深入分析含張拉和壓剪裂隙試樣在靜水壓力加載條件下滲透率所表現(xiàn)出的不同演化規(guī)律,開(kāi)展了含張拉-壓剪裂隙面花崗巖細(xì)觀掃描電鏡試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:單軸壓縮試驗(yàn)所獲得的花崗巖裂隙面比較光滑;并且隨著圍壓的不斷增大,裂隙面上明顯地觀察到逐漸增多的壓剪型裂隙,裂隙面比較粗糙。因此,張拉和壓剪裂隙面的不同細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)決定了含張拉和壓剪裂隙試樣的不同滲透率演化規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Many water-related rock projects, such as underground energy storage, geological storage, exploitation of petroleum, natural gas and mineral resources and underground disposal of high-level radioactive wastes, are of great concern to all countries in the world. Because of its small permeability, compact and high strength, granite is suitable for underground storage of nuclear waste, oil and natural gas. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the mechanical behavior of granite. Because of the excavation and construction of underground rock engineering, rock mass excavation disturbance zone has been formed. The tension fracture is formed in the near field and the compressive shear crack is formed in the far field, and the groundwater exists in the near field. Energy and underground disposal of highly radioactive wastes must consider the following seepage stress processes: 1). The fracture process of granite region caused by excavation of underground rock engineering and the change of rock permeability and crack opening caused by it; 2) because of the change of groundwater flow field caused by the above process, and the reaction of pressure in the flow field to the stress and deformation of rock mass, the permeability of intact granite is very low. The characteristics of multi-field coupling in the excavation disturbance area of underground rock engineering are as follows: the multi-field coupling in the granite fissure, which can be seen from the above discussion. The establishment of a theoretical model and an analytical method that can accurately reflect the mechanism of seepage and stress coupling of granite fractures in the disturbed area of excavation from the intrinsic mechanism of physical and chemical mechanics is still a primary subject and a key problem in urgent need of breakthrough. Actually. The macroscopic effect of seepage and stress coupling of granite fissure in excavating disturbed area has its clear and profound meso-mechanism, but only from the view of meso. Different mechanisms of seepage and stress coupling in tensioning and compression shear fractures of granite are analyzed, and the meso-macro scale correlation mechanism of granite fractures under the condition of seepage stress coupling is established. It is possible to establish a theoretical model and an analytical method that can accurately reflect the mechanism of seepage and stress coupling of granite fractures in the disturbed area of granite excavation from the physicochemical mechanics mechanism. This paper focuses on the tension and compression shear fracturing from a meso point of view. The mechanism of percolation and stress coupling in the gap is studied experimentally. 1. The conventional triaxial compression test of granite has been carried out. The results show that the granite has some basic mechanical characteristics of brittle rock obviously. For example, the peak strength is sensitive to confining pressure, and the failure mode is brittleness and ductility transformation. Volume deformation compression-expansion transformation. 2. The permeability test of granite with tension-compression fracture is carried out. The results show that the permeability of all samples decreases rapidly with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. This is due to the decrease of crack opening with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. 2) the rate of permeability decrease with the increase of hydrostatic pressure; 3) with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. The rate of permeability decrease of tensile fracture specimen is greater than that of compressive shear fracture sample. 3. In order to analyze the permeability of tensile fracture specimen and compression shear fracture specimen under hydrostatic pressure loading, Of different evolutionary laws. The micro-SEM test of granite with tension-compression shear fissures is carried out. The results show that the granite fracture surface obtained by uniaxial compression test is quite smooth. And with the increasing of confining pressure, it is obvious that more and more compression-shear fractures are observed on the fracture surface, and the fracture surface is relatively rough. The different microstructures of tensile and compressive fracture surfaces determine the evolution of permeability of specimens with tensile and compressive shear fractures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU45

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