本文關(guān)鍵詞： 疊前時(shí)間偏移 高精度成像 偏移速度 偏移孔徑 最大傾角　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代地震勘探難度的加大,所面臨的地質(zhì)條件越來(lái)越困難,區(qū)域構(gòu)造越來(lái)越復(fù)雜,對(duì)地震成像精度的要求越來(lái)越高。疊前時(shí)間偏移作為地震偏移成像的主導(dǎo)技術(shù),已成為解決復(fù)雜構(gòu)造地區(qū)地震資料成像問(wèn)題的首要選擇。因此,疊前時(shí)間偏移的成像精度研究有其實(shí)際意義。研究區(qū)原始資料信噪比低,品質(zhì)差,老剖面成像精度低,波組特征模糊,偏移歸位不準(zhǔn)確。因此,提出研究思路如下:在采用高精度的噪聲壓制技術(shù)提高資料信噪比的前提下,(1)對(duì)疊前時(shí)間偏移的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)——速度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析;(2)研究偏移孔徑、偏移的最大傾角等其他參數(shù)的影響。本文首先介紹廊固凹陷柳河營(yíng)地區(qū)的工區(qū)概況及資料情況;其次對(duì)比研究?jī)纱箢?lèi)疊前時(shí)間偏移的方法原理,對(duì)其特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行深入探討,選定克�；舴蚍e分法作為疊前時(shí)間偏移高精度成像研究的理論基礎(chǔ);再次以高質(zhì)量的CMP道集為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行疊前時(shí)間偏移速度參數(shù)的優(yōu)化分析;然后分析其他參數(shù)對(duì)成像精度的影響;最后進(jìn)行處理效果分析。通過(guò)對(duì)廊固凹陷柳河營(yíng)地區(qū)疊前時(shí)間偏移高精度成像的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)高信噪比的炮集數(shù)據(jù)是提高疊前時(shí)間偏移成像精度的基礎(chǔ);(2)由于以疊加速度為初始偏移速度需要地下介質(zhì)是水平層狀介質(zhì)的前提,而DMO速度適用于地下巖層有一定傾角的情況,且DMO速度作為初始偏移速度時(shí)得到的疊前時(shí)間偏移剖面成像精度更高。因此,DMO速度更適合作為初始偏移速度,在進(jìn)行疊前時(shí)間偏移處理之前應(yīng)做好DMO工作;(3)在偏移速度的優(yōu)化分析過(guò)程中,用測(cè)井資料中的P-Sonic曲線(xiàn)來(lái)監(jiān)控偏移速度的趨勢(shì),能夠更高效的建立準(zhǔn)確的偏移速度場(chǎng);(4)除偏移速度外,偏移孔徑和偏移的最大傾角也是Kirchhoff疊前時(shí)間偏移的重要參數(shù)。高精度的疊前時(shí)間偏移處理流程應(yīng)用于廊固凹陷柳河營(yíng)地區(qū),成像精度得到提高,波組特征清晰,偏移歸位準(zhǔn)確,斷點(diǎn)位置可靠,構(gòu)造形態(tài)突出。因此,本文的研究方法是切實(shí)可行的,確實(shí)可以提高成像精度。
[Abstract]:With the increasing difficulty of modern seismic exploration, the geological conditions are becoming more and more difficult, and the regional structure is becoming more and more complex. Prestack time migration, as the dominant technology of seismic migration imaging, has become the first choice to solve the problem of seismic imaging in complex structural areas. The study of imaging accuracy of prestack time migration has its practical significance. The original data in the study area have low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), poor quality, low imaging accuracy of old section, fuzzy wave group characteristics and inaccurate migration and homing. The research ideas are as follows: on the premise of using high precision noise suppression technology to improve the signal to noise ratio of data, the paper optimizes and analyzes the key parameter of prestack time migration-velocity; (2) study the influence of migration aperture, maximum inclination angle and other parameters. Firstly, this paper introduces the general situation and data of Liuheying area in Langgu depression; Secondly, the principle and characteristics of two kinds of prestack time migration are studied, and the Kirchhoff integration method is selected as the theoretical basis of high precision imaging research of prestack time migration. Thirdly, based on the high quality CMP gathers, the prestack time migration velocity parameters are optimized and analyzed. Then the influence of other parameters on imaging accuracy is analyzed. Finally, the processing effect is analyzed. By studying the high-precision imaging of prestack time migration in Liuheying area of Langgu depression, it is found that the prestack time migration with high SNR is the basis of improving the imaging accuracy of prestack time migration. 2) because the stack velocity is the initial migration velocity, the underground medium is the premise of the horizontal layered medium, and the DMO velocity is suitable for the case where the underground rock has a certain dip angle. And the prestack time migration profile with DMO velocity as the initial migration velocity has higher imaging accuracy, so the DMO velocity is more suitable as the initial migration velocity. DMO should be done well before prestack time migration. 3) in the process of optimization analysis of migration velocity, the P-Sonic curve in logging data can be used to monitor the trend of migration velocity, and the accurate migration velocity field can be established more efficiently. In addition to the migration velocity. The migration aperture and the maximum dip angle of migration are also important parameters of Kirchhoff prestack time migration. The high-precision prestack time migration processing process is applied in Liuheying area of Langgu depression. The imaging accuracy is improved, the wave group features are clear, the migration is accurate, the breakpoint position is reliable, and the structure is prominent. Therefore, the research method in this paper is feasible and can improve the imaging accuracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.44

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