本文關(guān)鍵詞： 反演成像 特征波場(chǎng) 非線性問(wèn)題 凸問(wèn)題 數(shù)據(jù)域反演 像域反演　出處：《石油物探》2017年01期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

【摘要】：地震波反演成像的核心問(wèn)題是將解一個(gè)非線性(較)強(qiáng)的反問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為提一個(gè)更凸的反問(wèn)題并進(jìn)行求解。存在強(qiáng)非線性性的主要原因是實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與要反演的模型參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)非線性,其次是由于包含模型參數(shù)的控制方程不能很好地預(yù)測(cè)實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)。因此,提出了特征波反演(characteristic wave inversion,CWI)成像的理論框架,基本思想是:不追求對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)波場(chǎng)全部波現(xiàn)象的模擬,而是模擬其中的部分特征波場(chǎng);不一定追求波形逼近,但要盡可能利用到達(dá)時(shí)(相位)的逼近。相對(duì)于全波形反演(full waveform inversion,FWI),特征波反演由四個(gè)基本步驟組成:1特征波場(chǎng)(characteristic wave field,CWF)的提取;2波動(dòng)理論的透射波層析成像;3波動(dòng)理論的一次反射波層析成像;4最小二乘疊前深度偏移成像。特征波場(chǎng)提取是其中重要的環(huán)節(jié),包含三重含義:1波現(xiàn)象的分解(譬如,矢量波分解成標(biāo)量波以及一次波和多次波分解);2時(shí)空局部的、單震相的、帶方向的帶限波場(chǎng)的分解;3同相軸上地震子波的分解(譬如,提取子波的達(dá)到時(shí)、相位等)。特征波場(chǎng)提取基于壓縮感知的框架進(jìn)行,其它三個(gè)線性化的參數(shù)反演環(huán)節(jié),首先考慮的是針對(duì)地下介質(zhì)參數(shù)層狀分布時(shí)的反射波反演成像,然后再考慮針對(duì)散射和繞射波的反演成像。數(shù)據(jù)域特征波反演在估計(jì)低波數(shù)速度信息時(shí)僅依賴(lài)同相軸上子波的到達(dá)時(shí)或/和相位信息,需盡量排除振幅對(duì)到達(dá)時(shí)和相位估計(jì)的影響。像域中的背景速度反演僅適宜基于到達(dá)時(shí)的反演,基于像的幅值的反演在理論上是不合理的。高波數(shù)參數(shù)估計(jì)時(shí),首先進(jìn)行方位角度反射系數(shù)的估計(jì),在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行散射強(qiáng)度的估計(jì)。CWI技術(shù)系列是推進(jìn)經(jīng)典FWI走向?qū)嵱没恼_途徑,初步數(shù)值試驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了上述判斷。
[Abstract]:The core problem of seismic wave inversion imaging is to solve a nonlinear problem. The strong inverse problem is transformed into a more convex inverse problem and solved. The main reason for the strong nonlinearity is that the relationship between the measured data and the parameters of the model to be retrieved is far nonlinear. Secondly, because the governing equation including the model parameters can not predict the actual data well, a characteristic wave inversion is proposed. The basic idea of CWI imaging is: not to simulate all the wave phenomena in the measured wave field, but to simulate some of the characteristic wave fields; It is not necessary to pursue waveform approximation, but it is necessary to make use of the time of arrival (phase) approximation as much as possible, as opposed to full waveform inversion FWI. The characteristic wave inversion consists of four basic steps: 1. Characteristic wave field CWFs extraction. 2the transmission wave tomography of wave theory; 3Primary reflection wave tomography of wave theory; (4) least square prestack depth migration imaging. Feature wave field extraction is an important part of this process, which includes decomposition of the phenomenon of triple meaning: 1 wave (e.g., vector wave decomposition into scalar wave, primary wave and multiple wave decomposition); (2) decomposition of band-limited wave fields in local space-time, single-shock phase and band direction; (3) decomposition of seismic wavelet on cophase axis (for example, when extracting wavelet, phase, etc.) characteristic wave field extraction is based on compression-sensing frame, and the other three linearized parameter inversion links. The first consideration is the reflection wave inversion imaging for the layered distribution of underground media parameters. Then the inversion imaging of scattering and diffraction waves is considered. The data domain characteristic wave inversion only depends on the arrival or / and phase information of wavelet in the same phase axis when estimating the velocity information of low wave number. The background velocity inversion in the image domain is only suitable for the time-of-arrival inversion. The inversion based on the amplitude of the image is not reasonable in theory. Based on the estimation of azimuth angle reflection coefficient, the estimation of scattering intensity. CWI technology series is the correct way to promote the practical application of classical FWI. The preliminary numerical results prove the above judgment.
【作者單位】： 波現(xiàn)象與反演成像研究組(WPI)同濟(jì)大學(xué)海洋與地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41374117) 國(guó)家油氣重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2011ZX05005-005-008HZ,2011ZX05006-002,2011ZX05023)聯(lián)合資助~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.4
【正文快照】： extraction.Wave equation based transmitted wave tomography is based on the first arrival and early arrival traveltime.The inver-sion imaging based on the disturbance wave field firstly deal with the reflection wave from the layered strata,and then the sc

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