本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地下水管理 超采區(qū) 評(píng)估體系 評(píng)估指標(biāo) 層次分析法　出處：《中國(guó)水利水電科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地下水資源是重要的自然資源,在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中占有舉足輕重的地位。近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)人口增長(zhǎng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,對(duì)水資源需求的不斷加大,部分地區(qū)地表水、地下水資源逐漸呈現(xiàn)出過(guò)度開發(fā)利用的情勢(shì)。目前,由于地下水不合理的開發(fā)利用,引發(fā)了一系列如地下水位持續(xù)下降、地面沉降、地裂縫、地面塌陷、海水入侵、水質(zhì)惡化等生態(tài)環(huán)境地質(zhì)問(wèn)題,已嚴(yán)重影響到我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。黨的十八大以來(lái),生態(tài)文明建設(shè)被納入新時(shí)期五位一體總體布局的范疇,地下水超采引起的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題已得到各方的重視,成為急需解決的重要問(wèn)題。面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的地下水超采情況,我國(guó)在地下水超采修復(fù)與超采區(qū)管理方面先后開展了一系列行之有效的工作,如組織全國(guó)地下水超采區(qū)評(píng)價(jià)、開展地下水超采區(qū)治理試點(diǎn)工作、構(gòu)建地下水監(jiān)測(cè)站網(wǎng)等。但是管理工作開展得是否到位、是否有成效,存在哪些缺陷和問(wèn)題等,還未建立起規(guī)范性的地下水超采區(qū)管理評(píng)估體系對(duì)此進(jìn)行考核。因此,建立一套能定量考核地下水超采區(qū)管理工作水平的評(píng)估體系,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)工作中存在的問(wèn)題并不斷修正、完善管理方式方法,對(duì)于提高地下水超采區(qū)管理水平、提高水資源的管理效率和效益具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文在梳理我國(guó)地下水超采區(qū)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在地下水超采管理方面的相關(guān)成果,按照最嚴(yán)格的水資源管理制度、可持續(xù)發(fā)展治水思路及"綠水青山就是金山銀山"等指導(dǎo)思想,提出適合我國(guó)現(xiàn)狀的地下水超采區(qū)管理工作的評(píng)估體系。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下三個(gè)方面:(1)梳理我國(guó)不同自然條件和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下地下水超采區(qū)管理現(xiàn)狀。通過(guò)分析,選擇了華北超采區(qū)、長(zhǎng)三角超采區(qū)、西北超采區(qū)作為三個(gè)典型地下水超采區(qū),總結(jié)地下水管理工作的重點(diǎn)、區(qū)域特性及已取得的管理成效,并指出目前存在的問(wèn)題與不足,為今后地下水超采區(qū)管理提供指導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(2)考慮到普遍性與特殊性特征,分全國(guó)通用指標(biāo)體系及區(qū)域特色指標(biāo)體系兩部分,構(gòu)建地下水超采區(qū)管理評(píng)估體系。其中全國(guó)通用指標(biāo)從治理成效、治理措施兩個(gè)層面來(lái)建立,區(qū)域特色指標(biāo)主要考慮該區(qū)域所需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的地質(zhì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題進(jìn)行評(píng)估。并運(yùn)用層次分析法對(duì)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重進(jìn)行確定,再對(duì)這一系列指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析給出相應(yīng)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最后將評(píng)估結(jié)果劃分為五個(gè)等級(jí)。(3)選取河北省、江蘇省作為應(yīng)用實(shí)例的典型區(qū),運(yùn)用已建立的超采區(qū)管理評(píng)估體系對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)估,最終河北省得分為62分,江蘇省得分為84分。結(jié)果表明該評(píng)估體系能較好的揭示不同地區(qū)地下水超采區(qū)的管理水平差異,并反映各地區(qū)管理存在的不足及改進(jìn)方向,驗(yàn)證了評(píng)估體系的合理性及實(shí)用性。本文依托水利部水資源管理中心委托的"水資源管理、節(jié)約與保護(hù)業(yè)務(wù)"研究課題。通過(guò)構(gòu)建一套系統(tǒng)的可操作、可復(fù)制、可推廣的地下水超采區(qū)管理評(píng)估體系,意在為定量考核地區(qū)管理工作水平提供技術(shù)支撐,為地下水超采區(qū)管理工作提供參考,期望有利于促進(jìn)地下水資源的合理開發(fā)與保護(hù),保障經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resource is an important natural resource, plays an important role in China's economic and social development. In recent years, as China's population growth, rapid economic and social development, the demand for water resources is increasing, the surface water in some areas, groundwater resources gradually showing excessive exploitation situation. At present, due to the development of the unreasonable utilization of groundwater, causing continued to decline, a series of underground water such as land subsidence, ground fissure, ground subsidence, seawater intrusion, ecological environmental geological problems such as water quality deterioration, has seriously affected the sustainable economic and social development in China. The party's eighteen years, the construction of ecological civilization is one of the five into the overall layout of the new period the category of ecological and environmental problems caused by groundwater overexploitation has been the attention of the parties, becoming an important issue. In the face of severe overexploitation of underground water, China In the groundwater overdraft and repair management has carried out a series of effective work, such as the organization of national groundwater overdraft evaluation, groundwater overdraft governance pilot work, the construction of groundwater monitoring network. But the management work is in place, whether effective, what are the defects and problems, has not been established from the normative management of groundwater overdraft evaluation system for assessment. Therefore, to establish a set of overdraftedzone management level quantitative assessment of groundwater assessment system, discover the problems in the work and constantly revised, improve management methods, to improve the management level of the groundwater overdraft, is of great practical significance to improve the efficiency of management and the benefits of water resources. Based on the basic experience of combing China's groundwater overdraft management, combined with the domestic and foreign scholars in groundwater The relevant results of overmining management, in accordance with the most stringent water management system, sustainable development ideas and the "beautiful scenery is jinshanyinshan as the guiding ideology, proposed for the status quo of China's groundwater overdraft management evaluation system. The main research contents include the following three aspects: (1) analysis of different nature the conditions and economic conditions, the groundwater overdraft management status. Through the analysis, selection of North China Super mining area, Yangtze River Delta overdraftedzone, northwest overdraftedzone as three typical groundwater overdraft, emphatically summarized the groundwater management work, regional characteristics and has made the management effectiveness, and points out the problems and shortcomings, provide guidance and experience for the future of the groundwater overdraft management. (2) considering the universality and particularity characteristics, divided into two parts of the general index system and index system of regional characteristics, the construction of groundwater The evaluation system of overdraft management. Among the country's general indicators from the two aspects of the effectiveness of governance, governance measures to establish regional characteristics, indicators mainly consider the geological environment problems in the region need to focus on the evaluation. And the use of AHP to determine the index, and then analyzed the corresponding standard for evaluation of this series the final index, the evaluation results are divided into five levels. (3) from Hebei Province, Jiangsu Province as a typical region of application examples, using the established overdraftedzone evaluation system to assess the management of Hebei Province, the final score of 62 points, Jiangsu Province, a score of 84. The results show that the system can evaluate the difference in different areas the groundwater overdraft management level revealed better, and reflects the shortcomings of regional management and improvement, verify the rationality and practicability of the evaluation system on the basis of water. The management of water resources and Water Resources Management Center entrusted ", saving and protection of business research. By building a set of system operation, can be copied, can be extended to the groundwater overdraft management evaluation system, to provide technical support for the work of the management level of quantitative assessment area, provide a reference for the groundwater overdraft management work. Expect to promote the rational development and protection of groundwater resources, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)水利水電科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641.8

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