發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 03:17

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國大地構(gòu)造階段劃分和演化　出處：《地學(xué)前緣》2016年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 構(gòu)造階段 陸塊區(qū) 造山系 超大陸 特提斯 古亞洲洋

【摘要】：按照王鴻禎先生的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造演化階段論和全球構(gòu)造活動(dòng)論的思路,遵循將今論古的比較構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)研究原則,以對(duì)接帶、造山系和陸塊區(qū)三類一級(jí)大地構(gòu)造單元構(gòu)造相的時(shí)空結(jié)構(gòu)分析為主線,從超大陸匯聚與裂解不可逆演化和洋陸轉(zhuǎn)換論的視角,認(rèn)識(shí)理解中國大地構(gòu)造時(shí)空結(jié)構(gòu)組成特征,將中國大地構(gòu)造劃分為三個(gè)演化階段。第一階段:太古宙—前南華紀(jì)(820 Ma)。太古宙陸核形成(2 800 Ma),新太古代原板塊構(gòu)造啟動(dòng),洋陸分化,華北各陸塊發(fā)育古弧-盆系統(tǒng)(2 800~2 500 Ma),發(fā)育廣泛的TTG片麻巖;古元古代(2 500~1 800 Ma)發(fā)育集寧、南遼河-荊山等弧盆系和嵩山裂谷、滹沱裂谷及華北基底形成(1 800 Ma);中元古代—新元古代早期(820 Ma前)華北陸區(qū)在1.8Ga克拉通化后發(fā)育燕遼裂谷、熊耳—西洋河裂谷、渣爾泰—白云鄂博陸緣裂谷;揚(yáng)子陸塊和塔里木陸塊區(qū)中元古代發(fā)育陸緣裂谷盆地,新元古代早期其周緣一系列弧盆系形成,揚(yáng)子和塔里木基底形成,并參與羅迪尼亞超大陸匯聚過程。第二階段:南華紀(jì)—中三疊世(820~227 Ma),可分為5個(gè)構(gòu)造期:(1)南華紀(jì)—震旦紀(jì)(820~541 Ma)構(gòu)造期,羅迪尼超大陸裂解發(fā)育新元古代南華紀(jì)裂谷事件的火山-沉積巖及冰磧巖,古亞洲洋、原特提斯大洋及震旦大洋擴(kuò)展,發(fā)育揚(yáng)子、塔里木陸緣裂谷和裂陷盆地,華南洋萎縮為殘余大洋。(2)寒武紀(jì)—中奧陶世(541~458 Ma)構(gòu)造期,古亞洲洋、原特提斯洋持續(xù)擴(kuò)張,中國西部一系列地塊從揚(yáng)子和塔里木大陸裂離,相應(yīng)陸塊均在伸展背景下形成被動(dòng)大陸邊緣,秦-祁-昆多島弧盆系形成;印度陸塊北部邊緣形成寒武紀(jì)裂陷-裂谷盆地,上覆初始碳酸鹽巖臺(tái)地沉積(O1-2)。(3)晚奧陶世—志留紀(jì)(458~419 Ma)構(gòu)造期,古亞洲大洋雙向俯沖,向北俯沖制約阿爾泰-興蒙多島弧盆系形成,向南俯沖制約天山-準(zhǔn)噶爾-北山多島弧盆系形成及溫都爾廟增生弧盆系發(fā)育;南天山大洋向北俯沖導(dǎo)致中天山島弧形成;揚(yáng)子、塔里木和印度等陸塊的北緣均發(fā)育被動(dòng)大陸邊緣;志留紀(jì)震旦洋、華南洋消亡;塔里木、揚(yáng)子與華北構(gòu)成統(tǒng)一的泛華夏大陸,其西南緣秦祁昆造山系形成,在南東緣形成了華夏造山系。(4)泥盆紀(jì)—中二疊世(419~259 Ma)構(gòu)造期,古亞洲洋、南天山洋萎縮消亡,天山-準(zhǔn)噶爾-北山造山系和阿爾泰-興蒙造山系形成(C2—P2);華北陸塊整體隆升(O3—C1)后,發(fā)育陸表海盆地;揚(yáng)子陸塊發(fā)育陸緣裂陷盆地。古特提斯大洋雙向俯沖,向北俯沖制約北羌塘-三江多島弧盆系發(fā)育,向南俯沖導(dǎo)致岡底斯陸緣弧形成(C—P)。(5)晚二疊世—中三疊世(259~227 Ma)構(gòu)造期,中國西北盆-山構(gòu)造格局定位;那丹哈達(dá)洋西向俯沖形成鶴崗陸緣弧。瀾滄江弧后洋盆向東俯沖及金沙江-哀牢山弧后洋盆向西俯沖,昌都-思茅地塊兩側(cè)形成陸緣弧。特提斯大洋向南俯沖導(dǎo)致岡底斯弧盆系形成。揚(yáng)子區(qū)攀西裂谷形成,峨眉山玄武巖大規(guī)模噴溢。第三階段:晚三疊世—新近紀(jì)演化階段(227~2.6 Ma)。中生代時(shí)東部陸緣弧盆系形成;西北發(fā)育盆山構(gòu)造;西南部喜馬拉雅-岡底斯多島弧盆系形成。新生代,中國東部沿�；『罅严菁皵嘞菖璧匦纬�,印度-歐亞大陸碰撞,喜馬拉雅-岡底斯造山系形成,中新世以來青藏高原強(qiáng)烈隆升。
[Abstract]:According to the geological structure of Mr. Wang Hongzhen's evolution theory and the global tectonic theory, follow this on the ancient comparative structural geology research principle, to butt belt, temporal and spatial analysis of phase structure of the orogenic system and continental block three level tectonic unit of the structure as the main line, from the super continent convergence and breakup of irreversible evolution and the ocean land conversion theory, to understand the composition characteristics of temporal and spatial structure of Chinese tectonics, the tectonic division of China into three stages. The first stage: the Archean Yugoslavia Hua Ji (820 Ma). The Archean continental nucleus formation (2800 Ma), the former Neoarchean tectonic start Ocean continental differentiation in North China, the development of ancient continental arc basin systems (2 800~2, 500 Ma) developed extensive TTG gneiss; Paleoproterozoic (2 500~1 800 Ma) the development of Jining, South Liaohe - Jingshan arc basin system and Songshan rift, Rift Valley and North Hutuo basement formation (1800 Ma); Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic - early (before 820 Ma) Yanshan Liaoning North China rift in 1.8Ga land development after Tonghua craton Xiong'er River, - Atlantic Rift, Zhaertai Baiyunebo continental margin rift; the Yangtze block and the Tarim block development of Middle Proterozoic continental margin rift basin, early Proterozoic along the edge of a new series arc basin system formed, Yangtze and Tarim basement formation, and participate in the Rodinia convergence process. The second stage: nanhuaian - three Triassic (820~227 Ma), can be divided into 5 tectonic stages: (1) Nanhua Sinian (820~541 - Ma) tectonic period, Rodini supercontinent development Neoproterozoic Nanhua rift event volcano sedimentary rocks and sedimentary rocks, the paleo Asian Ocean, ocean and ocean Aurora prototethys expansion, development of the Yangtze, Tarim continental margin rift and rift basin, South China Ocean atrophy residual ocean. (2) the Cambrian Middle Ordovician (541~458 Ma) Tectonic period, the paleo Asian ocean ocean, Dhi Te Tis continues to expand, Chinese western a series of plots from the Yangtze and Tarim continental rifting and continental blocks are in the corresponding stretch under the background of the formation of the passive continental margin, Qinling Qilian Kunlun multi arc basin system formation; India landmass formed the northern edge of the Cambrian rift rift basin. The initial overlying carbonate platform (O1-2). (3) late Ordovician Silurian tectonic period (458~419 Ma), bidirectional subduction of the paleo Asian Ocean, restricting the northward subduction of Altai Xingmeng multi arc basin system formed, restricting the southward subduction of Tianshan Junggar - North Mountain multi arc basin system formed and Wenduermiao the proliferation of arc basin system development; South Tianshan ocean northward subduction resulted in Tianshan arc formation; Tarim Yangtze, and India block in the north of the development of passive continental margin; Sinian Silurian ocean, South China Ocean disappeared; Tarim, Yangtze and North China constitute a unified PAN-CATHAYSIAN The formation of the mainland, the southwest margin of Qinling Qilianshan Kunlunshan orogenic system, formed in the south-east margin of China orogenic system (4). In the Devonian Permian tectonic period (419~259 Ma), the paleo Asian Ocean, South Tianshan ocean wither away, forming the Tianshan - Junggar - Beishan orogenic system and Altai Orogen (C2 - P2); North China Craton uplift (O3 - C1), the development of epicontinental basin; the Yangtze block development of continental margin rift basin. The Paleo Tethys ocean bidirectional subduction, restricting the northward subduction of North Qiangtang Sanjiang arc basin system development, leading to the southward subduction of the Gangdise continental margin arc formation (C - P). (5) three in the Late Permian Triassic (259~227 Ma) Chinese northwest tectonic, basin mountain tectonic pattern; Nadanhada madder dives to the formation of the Hegang continental margin arc back arc basin. The Lancang River and eastward subduction of the Jinsha River Ailaoshan arc basin after the westward subduction of Changdu - Simao block, formed on both sides of the land Tethys large margin arc. The southward subduction resulted in the formation of the Gangdise arc basin system. The Yangtze region of Panxi rift formation, Mount Emei basalt outpouring. In the third stage: three late Triassic Neogene evolution stage (227~2.6 Ma). The eastern continental margin arc basin system formed in Mesozoic basin mountain tectonics; northwest development; the formation of Southwest Himalaya - Gangdise multi arc basin. The Cenozoic depression and faulted basins formed crack China eastern coastal arc, India Eurasia collision, Himalaya Gangdise orogenic system formation, since the Miocene in the Tibetan Plateau uplift.

【作者單位】： 中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局成都地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心;中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局天津地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心;中國國土資源部信息中心;中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(武漢);防災(zāi)科技學(xué)院;
【基金】：國土資源部項(xiàng)目“全國重要礦產(chǎn)預(yù)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià):全國重要礦產(chǎn)成礦地質(zhì)背景研究”(1212010733802)
【分類號(hào)】：P548
【正文快照】： 0引言 王鴻禎先生等在20世紀(jì)70年代用板塊構(gòu)造學(xué)說審視中國大地構(gòu)造演化,80年代在編制中國及鄰區(qū)構(gòu)造古地理圖的基礎(chǔ)上,提出中國及鄰區(qū)大地構(gòu)造劃分和構(gòu)造發(fā)展階段[1-4],其立論基點(diǎn)從時(shí)間看是地質(zhì)歷史發(fā)展的階段論和災(zāi)變論,從空間看是全球構(gòu)造活動(dòng)論,認(rèn)為中國大陸主要的大地

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