本文關鍵詞：吉林省松江河新生代火山巖覆蓋區(qū)反射地震探測資料處理研究　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 火山巖 地震勘探 資料處理

【摘要】：火山巖發(fā)育較強區(qū)可以形成多種的金屬、非金屬礦藏,在對這類工區(qū)進行勘探時,地震勘探發(fā)揮了其固有的優(yōu)勢。主要優(yōu)勢表現(xiàn)為勘探范圍大、勘探深度大,以及獲得信息上在空間上具有較好的連續(xù)性。然而,火山巖覆蓋區(qū)會產(chǎn)生火山噴發(fā)、變質(zhì)作用、侵入作用,并且,構造發(fā)育、巖性變化大、地表情況復雜,決定了火山巖地震勘探存在諸多難點。首先,地表特征方面,本工區(qū)地表部分地段高差大,加之沿測線淺表存在腐殖質(zhì)、沼澤等,地表激發(fā)、接收條件的高度不一致性,導致靜校正問題比較突出。其次,地表條件和激發(fā)因素的不同,再加上中深部復雜的斷層及其衍生的復雜斷裂系統(tǒng),造成地震資料的干擾波特征(頻率、視速度等)變化大,某些干擾(如面波、多次折射、環(huán)境噪音等)與有效波難以區(qū)分,會給去噪工作造成較大困難。同時,地表特征的復雜性使相鄰炮集間、炮集內(nèi)各道和不同時間的接收信號在能量、頻率、相位等方面存在差異顯著,造成子波差別較大,地震子波經(jīng)過大地濾波器后,改變了原來的相位特征,同時頻率變低,其地層分辨率也降低。因此,火山巖覆蓋區(qū)的地震勘探存在諸多問題。本文分析了工區(qū)地震資料的特點和其處理的難點。對不同的處理難點,采用了相應的處理方法。在靜校正方面試驗層析靜校正的速度模型的精確度和校正效果;在去噪方面,首先針對工區(qū)地表變化劇烈的特點,分段分析單炮中干擾波的特征,針對該段干擾波的特征采取相應的處理參數(shù),并采用多種去噪技術相結合的去噪方法,試驗其對多種干擾波的壓制效果;在反褶積方面,采用地表一致性反褶積方法,驗證其在壓縮子波、消除地表因素對振幅和子波的影響、提高分辨率上的效果。通過以上處理方法的應用,得到了該工區(qū)地震資料處理的適用的處理方法。表明層析靜校正可以得到比較精確的淺層速度模型,并且取得良好的靜校正效果;采用多種去噪技術相結合的去噪方法可以較好的壓制多種干擾波,地表一致性反褶積可以較好的壓縮子波、消除由地表因素對振幅和子波的影響、提高分辨率。最后,通過對地震剖面與單炮分段的對比,驗證了處理結果的可靠性。這對火山巖覆蓋區(qū)地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)的處理工作具有指導性的意義。
[Abstract]:Many kinds of metal and nonmetallic deposits can be formed in the area with strong volcanic rock development. Seismic exploration has played its inherent advantage in the exploration of this kind of work area. The main advantages are that the exploration scope is large and the exploration depth is large. However, volcanic eruptions, metamorphism, intrusions, tectonic development, great lithologic changes and complex surface conditions occur in volcanic rock overlying areas. It is determined that there are many difficulties in seismic exploration of volcanic rocks. Firstly, in terms of surface characteristics, there is a great difference in height in some parts of the surface of the work area, in addition, humus, swamp and so on exist along the survey line, and the surface is excited. The high inconsistency of receiving conditions leads to the prominent problem of static correction. Secondly, the difference between surface conditions and excitation factors, plus the complex faults in the middle and deep and the complex fault systems derived from them. The characteristics of interference wave (frequency, apparent velocity, etc.) of seismic data vary greatly, and some disturbances (such as surface wave, refraction, environmental noise, etc.) are difficult to distinguish from effective waves, which will make the denoising work more difficult. Because of the complexity of surface features, there are significant differences in the energy, frequency and phase of the received signals between adjacent gun sets, within each channel and at different times, which results in a great difference in wavelet. After the seismic wavelet passes through the geodetic filter, the original phase characteristics are changed, and the frequency is reduced, and the formation resolution is reduced. There are many problems in seismic exploration in volcanic rock overlying area. This paper analyzes the characteristics of seismic data and the difficulties in processing seismic data in the working area. The accuracy and effect of the velocity model of static correction are tested in static correction. In the aspect of de-noising, the characteristics of interference wave in single gun are analyzed by sections, and the corresponding processing parameters are taken according to the characteristics of interference wave in this section. The method of de-noising is used to test the suppression effect of various jamming waves. In deconvolution, the surface consistent deconvolution method is used to verify the effect of wavelet compression, to eliminate the influence of surface factors on amplitude and wavelet, and to improve the resolution. A suitable processing method for seismic data processing in this area is obtained. It is shown that the static correction of tomography can obtain a more accurate shallow velocity model and obtain good statics effect. Many kinds of interference waves can be suppressed by using multiple denoising techniques. Surface consistent deconvolution can compress wavelet and eliminate the influence of surface factors on amplitude and wavelet. Finally, the reliability of the processing results is verified by comparing the seismic section with the single shot section, which is of guiding significance to the processing of seismic exploration data in volcanic rock overburden area.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631.4

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