【摘要】：隨著近年來國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,整個(gè)社會對能源特別是電力方面的需求越來越大。電力設(shè)備在制造、運(yùn)輸、安裝和運(yùn)行中不可避免受到電場、熱場、機(jī)械應(yīng)力、化學(xué)腐蝕以及環(huán)境條件等因素的影響,導(dǎo)致絕緣系統(tǒng)的破壞,設(shè)備產(chǎn)生局部放電現(xiàn)象。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國電網(wǎng)中由于電氣設(shè)備故障而直接引發(fā)的電網(wǎng)事故約占事故總量的1/3,僅僅比雷電災(zāi)害少,而放電是造成電力設(shè)備絕緣系統(tǒng)惡化的主要因素,因此若能對高壓設(shè)備放電做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早處理,準(zhǔn)確定位放電位置,對提高電網(wǎng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行具有十分重要的意義。論文對高壓設(shè)備的放電輻射機(jī)理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述,并總結(jié)分析了高壓設(shè)備的放電特征,基于此又對目前國內(nèi)外高壓電氣設(shè)備放電檢測的方法進(jìn)行了對比分析,總結(jié)歸納為電測法和非電測法,主要包括脈沖電流法、超聲波法、紅外成像法、超高頻法、基于紫外光信號法等。電測法容易受到一些電力磁場干擾,靈敏度低等缺點(diǎn)。論文在分析了高壓設(shè)備放電光譜特征之后,提出了基于日盲型紫外傳感器的紫外脈沖法的非電測法來進(jìn)行放電檢測,有效避免了電力磁場干擾,同時(shí)也排除了太陽輻射等為外界光線干擾。論文設(shè)計(jì)了放電檢測系統(tǒng),硬件系統(tǒng)主要包括基于光電倍增管(PMT)R7154日盲紫外傳感器的工作電路、信號處理電路(包括I/U轉(zhuǎn)換、增益放大等)、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡USB_DAQ_PIC16F877_VO5對放電檢測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集和存儲電路、溫濕度采集電路(分別利用溫度傳感器DS18B20、濕度傳感器DHT11來實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度和濕度的采集)、模擬高壓設(shè)備放電及控制裝置等,并設(shè)計(jì)了檢測裝置工作平臺。針對各個(gè)硬件模塊設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的軟件部分來完成各自的功能,采用LABVIEW、MATLAB等軟件來實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集、存儲、處理,并設(shè)計(jì)了簡單的用戶界面。論文在實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬了高壓設(shè)備放電來對系統(tǒng)的有效性進(jìn)行了測試,結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)能夠有效地檢測高壓設(shè)備放電情況,具有較好的靈敏度和準(zhǔn)確性,并對光信號與放電信號之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討,達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy in recent years, the whole society needs more and more energy, especially electricity. Electric power equipment is inevitably affected by electric field, thermal field, mechanical stress, chemical corrosion and environmental conditions in manufacture, transportation, installation and operation, which leads to the destruction of insulation system and partial discharge of equipment. According to statistics, the electric network accidents directly caused by electrical equipment failures in our country account for about 1 / 3 of the total number of accidents, only less than lightning disasters, and discharge is the main factor that causes the deterioration of electrical equipment insulation system. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the safe and stable operation of the power network if the discharge of high-voltage equipment can be detected early, processed early, and accurately located. In this paper, the discharge radiation mechanism of high voltage equipment is discussed in detail, and the discharge characteristics of high voltage equipment are summarized and analyzed. Based on this, the discharge detection methods of high voltage electrical equipment at home and abroad are compared and analyzed. It includes pulse current method, ultrasonic method, infrared imaging method, ultra-high frequency method, ultraviolet light signal method and so on. The electric measurement method is easy to be interfered by some electric magnetic field, and its sensitivity is low. After analyzing the characteristics of discharge spectrum of high-voltage equipment, a non-electric method based on ultraviolet pulse method based on solar blind ultraviolet sensor is proposed to detect the discharge, which effectively avoids the interference of electric magnetic field. At the same time also excluded the solar radiation and other external light interference. In this paper, a discharge detection system is designed. The hardware system mainly includes the working circuit based on photomultiplier tube (PMT) R7154 blind ultraviolet sensor, the signal processing circuit (including I / U conversion, gain amplification and so on). The data acquisition card (USB_DAQ_PIC16F877_VO5) collects and stores the discharge detection data, and the temperature and humidity acquisition circuit (using the temperature sensor DS18B20, humidity sensor DHT11 respectively to realize the temperature and humidity acquisition), The discharge and control devices of high voltage equipment are simulated, and the working platform of detection device is designed. The corresponding software is designed for each hardware module to complete their respective functions. LABVIEW,MATLAB and other software are used to achieve data acquisition, storage, processing, and a simple user interface is designed. This paper simulates the discharge of high-voltage equipment in laboratory to test the effectiveness of the system. The results show that the system can effectively detect the discharge of high-voltage equipment, and has good sensitivity and accuracy. The relationship between the optical signal and the discharge signal is discussed and the expected goal is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM83;TN23

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