【摘要】：分布式光纖傳技術(shù)是將光纖同時(shí)作為傳輸和傳感介質(zhì)的一種傳感技術(shù)，能對待測參量進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測。基于分布式光纖傳感的周界安防系統(tǒng)是新一代安防系統(tǒng)，與傳統(tǒng)機(jī)電類安防系統(tǒng)相比，具有靈敏度高、體積小、重量輕、抗電磁輻射能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可應(yīng)用于多種惡劣環(huán)境。普通分布式光纖安防系統(tǒng)，例如基于M-Z、Sagnac等干涉型光纖傳感系統(tǒng)，通常只能實(shí)現(xiàn)單點(diǎn)檢測。為實(shí)現(xiàn)多入侵點(diǎn)的同時(shí)檢測和定位，本文開展了基于相位敏感光時(shí)域反射計(jì)(Φ-OTDR)的多功能光纖安防系統(tǒng)研究。作為一種新型安防檢測系統(tǒng)，其不僅具備多點(diǎn)入侵同時(shí)檢測和定位能力，而且具有隱蔽性好，定位精確，適宜長距離大范圍監(jiān)測等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在安防領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。 本文對基于Φ-OTDR的多功能光纖安防系統(tǒng)的實(shí)用化技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究，主要工作分以下幾方面： (1)分別講述了基于OTDR和基于干涉儀原理的分布式光纖傳感技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀，并比較了兩種傳感技術(shù)的差異；深入分析了結(jié)合OTDR和干涉原理的Φ-OTDR系統(tǒng)所具有的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢和發(fā)展前景。 (2)介紹了光纖中的光散射現(xiàn)象，分析了Φ-OTDR系統(tǒng)的檢測和定位原理，，結(jié)合光纖后向散射離散模型和蒙特卡羅方法對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了理論分析和仿真模擬。 (3)研究了激光器線寬、累加平均次數(shù)、脈沖寬度以及入侵信號對系統(tǒng)性能的影響。首先，發(fā)現(xiàn)了噪聲隨累加平均次數(shù)增加而呈現(xiàn)出先快后慢的衰減趨勢，信噪比隨脈沖寬度的增大而先增后減的規(guī)律。然后，研究得出信噪比和定位精度隨入侵信號相位呈周期性的變化規(guī)律，以及入侵信號頻率對系統(tǒng)漏報(bào)率的影響。最后，針對系統(tǒng)中存在的一些缺陷提出了初步的解決方案并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。 (4)搭建了一套多功能光纖安防系統(tǒng)，研究了系統(tǒng)中各器件的參數(shù)和選型要求，進(jìn)行了多點(diǎn)入侵檢測實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)中將溫度補(bǔ)償光纖光柵引入到該系統(tǒng)，并采用了多種軟件濾波技術(shù)。在15km的光纖上實(shí)現(xiàn)了4個(gè)擾動點(diǎn)的同時(shí)檢測和定位，達(dá)到了8m的空間分辨率，15dB的信噪比和2m的定位精度，是迄今為止國際已知報(bào)道中最多的擾動同時(shí)定位點(diǎn)數(shù)。最后提出了一種實(shí)用化多功能結(jié)構(gòu)健康和邊界安防光纖檢測系統(tǒng)，并進(jìn)行了初步的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。 (5)提出了一種適用于多功能光纖分布式安防監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的新型數(shù)據(jù)處理和信號解調(diào)方案，在LabVIEW平臺下開發(fā)了實(shí)現(xiàn)該解調(diào)方案的Φ-OTDR監(jiān)測軟件。
[Abstract]:Distributed optical fiber transmission technology is a kind of sensing technology which uses optical fiber as both transmission and sensing medium. It can be used for remote real-time monitoring of measurement parameters. The perimeter security system based on distributed optical fiber sensing is a new generation security system. Compared with the traditional electromechanical security system, it has the advantages of high sensitivity, small volume, light weight and strong resistance to electromagnetic radiation. General distributed optical fiber security systems, such as interferometric optical fiber sensing systems such as M-ZG Sagnac, can only achieve single point detection. In order to detect and locate multiple intrusion points simultaneously, a multi-function optical fiber security system based on phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (桅-OTDR) is developed in this paper. As a new security detection system, it not only has the ability to detect and locate multiple intrusion simultaneously, but also has the advantages of good concealment, accurate location, suitable for long distance and large range monitoring, and has a broad application prospect in the field of security protection. In this paper, the practical technology of multifunctional optical fiber security system based on 桅-OTDR is studied. The main work is as follows: (1) the research status of distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on OTDR and interferometer is described, and the differences between the two sensing technologies are compared. The unique advantages and development prospects of 桅-OTDR system based on OTDR and interference principle are analyzed. (2) the light scattering phenomenon in optical fiber is introduced, and the detection and positioning principle of 桅-OTDR system is analyzed. The theoretical analysis and simulation of the system are carried out in combination with the optical fiber backscattering discrete model and Monte Carlo method. (3) the effects of laser linewidth, cumulative average number, pulse width and intrusion signal on the performance of the system are studied. Firstly, it is found that the noise decreases first and then slowly with the increase of the cumulative average number, and the SNR increases first and then decreases with the increase of pulse width. Then, it is found that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and location accuracy change periodically with the intrusion signal phase, and the influence of the intrusion signal frequency on the false report rate of the system is obtained. Finally, a preliminary solution to some defects in the system is proposed and an experimental study is carried out. (4) A set of multifunctional optical fiber security system is set up, and the parameters and selection requirements of each device in the system are studied, and the multi-point intrusion detection experiment is carried out. In the experiment, the temperature compensated fiber grating is introduced into the system, and a variety of software filtering techniques are used. At the same time, four disturbance points are detected and located on the fiber of 15km, which achieves spatial resolution of 8m, SNR of 15dB and location accuracy of 2m. It is the most known number of simultaneous location points of disturbance in the world. Finally, a practical multi-functional structure health and boundary security optical fiber detection system is proposed, and a preliminary experimental study is carried out. (5) A new data processing and signal demodulation scheme for multifunctional optical fiber distributed security monitoring system is proposed. A 桅-OTDR monitoring software is developed to realize the demodulation scheme on LabVIEW platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN253

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