基于有源電感與電容的CMOS模擬帶通濾波器
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-14 20:11
【摘要】：在模擬接收器的結(jié)構(gòu)中,Armstrong的結(jié)構(gòu)作為基本構(gòu)造已將近使用了70年。其主要的元器件包括帶通濾波器,低噪放大器,混頻器,鎖相環(huán),振蕩器,模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器。帶通濾波器是信號(hào)被天線接收后遇到的第一個(gè)元器件,用來選擇包含所需信號(hào)的波段并且過濾掉諧波和噪聲信號(hào),起到了非常重要的作用。目前隨著摩爾定律在CMOS(Complementary Metal of Semiconductor)技術(shù)上的應(yīng)用,數(shù)字電路的通道長(zhǎng)度正在以每代為上代的0.7的速度縮小,目前市面上的CPU已可以做到10nm的通道長(zhǎng)度,使得電子產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)算速度得到了飛速的提升而產(chǎn)品面積得以快速的縮小,以iPhone為例,A10的運(yùn)算速度為2.4GHz。但是由于螺旋繞線式電感在模擬電路中的使用,導(dǎo)致很難將高性能并能同時(shí)保持較小面積的接收器做到與數(shù)字電路在同一塊芯片上。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的文獻(xiàn)關(guān)于電感在模擬電路上的使用主要有兩個(gè)大的方向:(1)通過在集成電路外接傳統(tǒng)繞線式電感,由于傳統(tǒng)繞線式電感使用材料較多且笨重,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品面積和成本無(wú)法減小;(2)通過特殊工藝將銅絲刻在芯片上形成平面式的螺旋式電感,但是由于這種電感的自帶電阻較大,會(huì)影響產(chǎn)品的性能。同時(shí),平面螺旋式的電感也增加了芯片面積,這與越來越小的芯片面積的發(fā)展方向是相悖的�；谝陨匣A(chǔ),幾個(gè)國(guó)家的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)提出了新的兩種主要的設(shè)計(jì)思路:(1)使用新的無(wú)源電感結(jié)構(gòu)來代替以往應(yīng)用的平面式電感,這些電感結(jié)構(gòu)通過提高自身的品質(zhì)因數(shù)從而達(dá)到抑制自帶電阻大小的目的,最終提高了產(chǎn)品的性能;(2)使用由CMOS晶體管構(gòu)成的有源電感結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)使得產(chǎn)品面積大大減小。但是思路(1)無(wú)法降低使用電感元件的面積大小而思路(2)又受制于自身所帶電阻阻值而無(wú)法獲得較好的性能。本文通過有源電感和有源電容構(gòu)成的共振器構(gòu)建了基于傳統(tǒng)切比雪夫結(jié)構(gòu)的模擬帶通濾波器。有源電容的自帶負(fù)阻可以用來抵消有源電感的自帶電阻,提升了共振器的品質(zhì)因數(shù),進(jìn)而提升了模擬帶通濾波器的中心頻率,抑制比,帶寬等核心參數(shù)。有源電容實(shí)現(xiàn)的等效電容值和負(fù)阻值可在較大范圍內(nèi)保持不變的特性為消除有源電感的自帶電阻和提升模擬帶通濾波器的穩(wěn)定性能起到了重要的作用。有源電感使用的是由兩個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)電容器構(gòu)成的單端口電感,簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)提供了較小的產(chǎn)品面積,而其自帶電阻可以由有源電容的負(fù)阻來消除。由此構(gòu)建的模擬帶通濾波器在保證性能的前提下同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了面積和成本的減小。為未來的模擬電路和數(shù)字電路的完整集成化開辟了新的方向。通過對(duì)CMOS模擬仿真軟件Cadence的使用,可以構(gòu)建出如上的模擬帶通濾波器電路,不僅可以驗(yàn)證方法的正確性還可以找到此種電路的最高工作頻率時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的性能參數(shù),為將來濾波器的使用提供重要的理論和應(yīng)用指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Armstrong's structure has been used as a basic structure for nearly 70 years in the structure of analog receiver. Its main components include bandpass filters, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, phase locked loops, oscillators, analog to digital converters. Bandpass filter (BPF) is the first component of signal received by antenna, which is used to select the band containing the desired signal and filter out the harmonic and noise signals, which plays a very important role. At present, with the application of Moore's law in CMOS (Complementary Metal of Semiconductor) technology, the channel length of digital circuits is shrinking at the speed of 0.7 per generation. At present, the CPU on the market has been able to achieve the channel length of 10nm. The computing speed of electronic products has been improved rapidly and the area of products has been reduced rapidly. Taking iPhone as an example, the operation speed of A10 is 2.4 GHz. However, because of the use of spiral winding inductors in analog circuits, it is difficult to make the receiver with high performance and keep a small area at the same time as the digital circuit on the same chip. There are two main directions about the use of inductors in analog circuits at home and abroad: (1) by adding traditional winding inductors to integrated circuits, the traditional winding inductors have a lot of materials and are bulky. As a result, the product area and cost can not be reduced; (2) the copper wire is engraved on the chip by special process to form a planar spiral inductor, but because of the large self-resistance of the inductor, the performance of the product will be affected. At the same time, the planar spiral inductor also increases the chip area, which is contrary to the development direction of the smaller and smaller chip area. Based on the above, the research teams in several countries put forward two new design ideas: (1) using a new passive inductor structure to replace the planar inductor used in the past. These inductors can improve the performance of the products by improving their quality factor, and finally improve the performance of the products. (2) using the active inductor structure composed of CMOS transistors, the product area is greatly reduced. However, train of thought (1) can not reduce the area size of using inductor element, and train of thought (2) is constrained by its own resistance value, so it can not obtain better performance. In this paper, an analog bandpass filter based on traditional Chebyshev structure is constructed by using a resonator composed of active inductors and active capacitors. The self-band negative resistance of the active capacitor can be used to offset the self-band resistance of the active inductor, improve the quality factor of the resonator, and then enhance the core parameters of the analog band-pass filter, such as center frequency, rejection ratio, bandwidth and so on. The characteristics that the equivalent capacitance and negative resistance of active capacitance can be kept constant in a wide range play an important role in eliminating the self-band resistance of active inductor and improving the stability of analog bandpass filter. The active inductor is a single-port inductor composed of two rotary capacitors. The simple structure provides a small product area, and its self-band resistance can be eliminated by the negative resistance of the active capacitor. The proposed analog bandpass filter can reduce the area and cost simultaneously while ensuring the performance. It opens up a new direction for the integration of analog circuit and digital circuit in the future. Through the use of CMOS simulation software Cadence, the analog bandpass filter circuit can be constructed, which can not only verify the correctness of the method, but also find the corresponding performance parameters at the highest operating frequency of the circuit. It provides important theoretical and practical guidance for the future use of filters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN713.5
本文編號(hào)：2183986
[Abstract]:Armstrong's structure has been used as a basic structure for nearly 70 years in the structure of analog receiver. Its main components include bandpass filters, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, phase locked loops, oscillators, analog to digital converters. Bandpass filter (BPF) is the first component of signal received by antenna, which is used to select the band containing the desired signal and filter out the harmonic and noise signals, which plays a very important role. At present, with the application of Moore's law in CMOS (Complementary Metal of Semiconductor) technology, the channel length of digital circuits is shrinking at the speed of 0.7 per generation. At present, the CPU on the market has been able to achieve the channel length of 10nm. The computing speed of electronic products has been improved rapidly and the area of products has been reduced rapidly. Taking iPhone as an example, the operation speed of A10 is 2.4 GHz. However, because of the use of spiral winding inductors in analog circuits, it is difficult to make the receiver with high performance and keep a small area at the same time as the digital circuit on the same chip. There are two main directions about the use of inductors in analog circuits at home and abroad: (1) by adding traditional winding inductors to integrated circuits, the traditional winding inductors have a lot of materials and are bulky. As a result, the product area and cost can not be reduced; (2) the copper wire is engraved on the chip by special process to form a planar spiral inductor, but because of the large self-resistance of the inductor, the performance of the product will be affected. At the same time, the planar spiral inductor also increases the chip area, which is contrary to the development direction of the smaller and smaller chip area. Based on the above, the research teams in several countries put forward two new design ideas: (1) using a new passive inductor structure to replace the planar inductor used in the past. These inductors can improve the performance of the products by improving their quality factor, and finally improve the performance of the products. (2) using the active inductor structure composed of CMOS transistors, the product area is greatly reduced. However, train of thought (1) can not reduce the area size of using inductor element, and train of thought (2) is constrained by its own resistance value, so it can not obtain better performance. In this paper, an analog bandpass filter based on traditional Chebyshev structure is constructed by using a resonator composed of active inductors and active capacitors. The self-band negative resistance of the active capacitor can be used to offset the self-band resistance of the active inductor, improve the quality factor of the resonator, and then enhance the core parameters of the analog band-pass filter, such as center frequency, rejection ratio, bandwidth and so on. The characteristics that the equivalent capacitance and negative resistance of active capacitance can be kept constant in a wide range play an important role in eliminating the self-band resistance of active inductor and improving the stability of analog bandpass filter. The active inductor is a single-port inductor composed of two rotary capacitors. The simple structure provides a small product area, and its self-band resistance can be eliminated by the negative resistance of the active capacitor. The proposed analog bandpass filter can reduce the area and cost simultaneously while ensuring the performance. It opens up a new direction for the integration of analog circuit and digital circuit in the future. Through the use of CMOS simulation software Cadence, the analog bandpass filter circuit can be constructed, which can not only verify the correctness of the method, but also find the corresponding performance parameters at the highest operating frequency of the circuit. It provides important theoretical and practical guidance for the future use of filters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN713.5
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