【摘要】：微焦點X射線管是一種焦斑尺寸在1~100微米的X光管。由于它具有高的空間分辨率,這種光管被廣泛用于生物醫(yī)學,生化動力學,工業(yè)無損檢測,X射線顯微鏡以及微型CT等行業(yè)。本文圍繞反射式X射線管的整體設計展開研究。X射線管陽極,主要包括靶材料、陽極體以及陽極與玻璃外殼的封接部分。本文選用TU1無氧銅作為陽極主體材料、純鎢作為靶材料,陽極與玻璃外殼的連接采用了4J29可伐合金作為過渡結(jié)構(gòu)。設計了一種熔鑄方法用于鎢靶和銅體的連接成形,研究了可伐合金與K5鉬族玻璃在匹配封接過程中封接時間、溫度、氣氛環(huán)境對封接質(zhì)量的影響。最后提出了一些陽極散熱方面的改進意見。X射線管陰極,包括電子發(fā)射結(jié)構(gòu)、陰極罩以及陰極與玻璃外殼的連接部分。設計采用純鎢熱發(fā)射陰極、陰極主體結(jié)構(gòu)選用4J29可伐合金、各結(jié)構(gòu)間采用點焊的連接方式。陰極與玻璃的連接設計了一種可伐柱的過渡結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)可以良好的平衡陰極電位。在射線管的整體裝配過程中,重點研究了電子發(fā)射系統(tǒng)的原理并通過模擬手段得出了一套針對確定尺寸X光管的對焦手段。電子發(fā)射系統(tǒng)是X射線管的關鍵部分,本文基于MATLAB平臺分別使用蒙特卡洛法、有限差分法和龍格庫塔法對電子發(fā)射系統(tǒng)的熱發(fā)射、聚焦電場電位分布、電子束軌跡進行了模擬。以自行設計的光管作為模型,分析了模擬數(shù)據(jù),得出理論最佳焦距為5.25毫米。最后對試做X光管進行了測試,包括給定輸入條件下的反饋電流測試、疲勞測試、圖像測試以及焦斑尺寸測試,得出了試做管的焦斑尺寸為長直徑60μm、短直徑30μm,優(yōu)于國內(nèi)同型號產(chǎn)品。分析了測試結(jié)果及結(jié)果中的不足,提出了一些改進方案。
[Abstract]:The microfocal X-ray tube is an X-ray tube with focal spot size of 1 渭 m. Because of its high spatial resolution, the light tube is widely used in biomedical, biochemical dynamics, industrial nondestructive testing, X-ray microscopy and micro CT. In this paper, the whole design of the reflective X-ray tube is studied. The anode of the X ray tube mainly includes the target material, the anode body and the sealing part between the anode and the glass shell. In this paper, TU1 oxygen-free copper is used as anode material, pure tungsten is used as target material, and 4J29 Kovar alloy is used as transition structure in connection between anode and glass shell. A fusion casting method was designed for the bonding forming of tungsten target and copper body. The effects of sealing time, temperature and atmosphere on sealing quality of Kovar alloy and K5 molybdenum glass during matching sealing process were studied. Finally, some improvements in anodic heat dissipation are proposed. The X ray tube cathode includes the electron emission structure, the cathode cover and the connection part between the cathode and the glass shell. The design adopts pure tungsten thermal emission cathode, the main structure of the cathode is 4J29 Kovar alloy, and each structure is connected by spot welding. A transition structure of thinning column is designed for the connection of cathode and glass. The structure can balance cathode potential well. In the whole assembly process of ray tube, the principle of electron emission system is studied emphatically and a set of focusing means for determining the size of X-ray tube is obtained by means of simulation. Electron emission system is a key part of X-ray tube. Monte Carlo method, finite difference method and Runge-Kutta method are used to simulate the thermal emission, focusing electric field potential distribution and electron beam trajectory of electron emission system based on MATLAB platform. Using the self-designed light tube as the model, the simulation data are analyzed and the theoretical optimum focal length of 5.25mm is obtained. Finally, the X-ray tube was tested, including feedback current test, fatigue test, image test and focal spot size test under given input conditions. The focal spot size of the tube is 60 渭 m in long diameter and 30 渭 m in short diameter, which is superior to the same product in China. The test results and the shortcomings of the results are analyzed, and some improvement schemes are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN14

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本文編號：2157701