【摘要】：空間激光通信對(duì)通信質(zhì)量與通信穩(wěn)定性有很高的要求。在信號(hào)發(fā)射源的選擇上,半導(dǎo)體泵浦的固體激光器具有構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)潔、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、高效穩(wěn)定的優(yōu)勢(shì),出射的激光光束具有輸出功率高、光束質(zhì)量高、穩(wěn)定性高的特點(diǎn)。在固體激光器的選擇中,板條型激光器由于具有良好的導(dǎo)熱性能而成為首選。本論文針對(duì)板條型固體激光器出射的在大氣中傳輸?shù)臋E圓激光光束的光束發(fā)散角、束腰半徑以及整形后光束所受大氣散射引發(fā)的成像光斑作出以下幾方面的研究：(1)對(duì)板條激光器與空間激光光束整形傳輸?shù)母艣r簡(jiǎn)要介紹,重點(diǎn)綜述板條型激光器的優(yōu)勢(shì)與近年的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、光束整形的分類(lèi)與近年發(fā)展?fàn)顩r以及空間激光傳輸研究的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。(2)介紹了以光學(xué)變換矩陣為主的光束傳輸特性研究方法、基模高斯光束的描述與質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)方法以及高斯光束的ABCD定律應(yīng)用。(3)分析了大氣中粒子引起的Mie散射的理論基礎(chǔ)以及粒子的形狀、尺度參數(shù)、粒子的折射率對(duì)散射的影響,闡述了Mie散射的強(qiáng)度分布函數(shù)、體角散射函數(shù)的計(jì)算方法。(4)針對(duì)板條激光器輸出光束光斑呈橢圓形的問(wèn)題,采用幾何方法設(shè)計(jì)整形系統(tǒng),運(yùn)用ABCD定律,選用五組不同焦距的柱面凹凸透鏡組合,模擬了運(yùn)用柱面望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)對(duì)橢圓光束橫軸方向進(jìn)行擴(kuò)束、并用單波長(zhǎng)擴(kuò)束裝置壓縮激光橫軸與縱軸方向遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)發(fā)散角的方法。仿真結(jié)果為：選取特定組合焦距的柱面凹透鏡與柱面凸透鏡,可將激光光束橫軸方向的較大的初始發(fā)散角由600 μrad減小到230 μrad,同時(shí)使兩軸的束腰位置保持相同。通過(guò)普通擴(kuò)束鏡對(duì)光束進(jìn)行橫軸、縱軸兩方向的同時(shí)擴(kuò)束,擴(kuò)束后橫軸、縱軸兩方向遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)發(fā)散角的比值接近于1。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中最終也得到了整形后橫軸發(fā)散角為92.8 μrad、縱軸發(fā)散角為107 μrad的圓形高斯光束,與仿真結(jié)果相符合。(5)整形后激光光束在大氣中傳輸時(shí)會(huì)受到后向散射,針對(duì)后向散射在CCD接收屏上的光斑形狀問(wèn)題,分別通過(guò)理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行研究。理論上,首先分析大氣激光傳輸?shù)谋葼柖珊秃笙騇ie散射的散射光強(qiáng)度函數(shù)；其次推導(dǎo)出成像光斑圓心位置及半徑計(jì)算公式,構(gòu)建大氣分層模型,激光光束被分割為若干層分別在接收屏上成像,通過(guò)對(duì)成像光斑進(jìn)行疊加從而得到后向散射總光強(qiáng),得出成像光斑后向散射總光強(qiáng)與大氣顆粒物濃度成正比的結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)上,通過(guò)控制出射光束的基本參量保持不變,獲取大氣顆粒物濃度不同情況下的Mie后向散射CCD成像圖。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果相符,對(duì)不同大氣顆粒物濃度下的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,為研究大氣中其他光束的后向散射成像打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Space laser communication has high requirements for communication quality and communication stability. The semiconductor pumped solid-state laser has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, high efficiency and stability. The output laser beam has the characteristics of high output power, high beam quality and high stability. In the selection of solid-state lasers, lath lasers are preferred because of their good thermal conductivity. In this paper, the beam divergence angle of elliptical laser beam propagating in the atmosphere is studied. The beam waist radius and the imaging spot caused by atmospheric scattering after beam shaping are studied in the following aspects: (1) the general situation of beam shaping and propagation of slab laser and space laser beam is introduced briefly. The advantages and development of slab lasers in recent years, the classification and development of beam shaping in recent years and the development of space laser propagation are reviewed. (2) the research methods of beam propagation characteristics based on optical transformation matrix are introduced. The description and quality evaluation of the fundamental mode Gao Si beam and the application of the ABCD law of the Gao Si beam. (3) the theoretical basis of the Mie scattering caused by the particle in the atmosphere and the influence of the particle shape, scale parameters and the refractive index of the particle on the scattering are analyzed. The intensity distribution function of Mie scattering and the calculation method of volume angle scattering function are described. (4) aiming at the problem that the beam spot of slab laser output beam is elliptical, the shaping system is designed by geometric method, and the ABCD law is used. Five groups of cylindrical concave and convex lenses with different focal lengths are selected to simulate the method of beam expansion in the transverse direction of elliptical beam using cylindrical telescope system and the method of compression of far field divergence angle of laser transverse axis and longitudinal axis with a single wavelength beam expander. The simulation results are as follows: when the cylindrical concave lens and the cylindrical convex lens are selected, the larger initial divergence angle of the laser beam in the transverse axis direction can be reduced from 600 渭 rad to 230 渭 rad, and the waist position of the two axes can be maintained at the same time. The ratio of far field divergence angle between the two directions after beam expansion is close to 1. The beam is expanded at the same time in both directions of the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis of the beam through the common beam expander mirror, and the ratio of the far field divergence angle in the two directions after the beam expansion is close to 1. In the experiment, a circular Gao Si beam with a transverse divergence angle of 92.8 渭 radand a longitudinal axis divergence angle of 107 渭 rad is obtained, which agrees with the simulation results. (5) the laser beam after shaping will be backscattered when it propagates in the atmosphere. Aiming at the problem of the spot shape of backscattering on CCD receiving screen, the theoretical and experimental studies are carried out. In theory, Beer's law of atmospheric laser propagation and scattering intensity function of backward Mie scattering are analyzed firstly, and then the calculating formulas of center position and radius of imaging spot are derived, and the atmospheric stratification model is constructed. The laser beam is divided into several layers to image on the receiving screen respectively. The total backscattering light intensity is obtained by superposing the imaging spot, and the conclusion that the total backscattering light intensity of the imaging spot is proportional to the concentration of atmospheric particulates is obtained. By controlling the basic parameters of the beam to remain unchanged, the Mie backscattering CCD imaging images with different concentrations of atmospheric particles are obtained experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The experimental results under different concentrations of atmospheric particles are compared and analyzed, which provides a basis for the study of backscattering imaging of other light beams in the atmosphere.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.1;TN24

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