道岔外形二維激光測(cè)量技術(shù)研究
本文選題:道岔測(cè)量 + 激光測(cè)量; 參考:《西南交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文
【摘要】:道岔是鐵路軌道連接的重要設(shè)備,由于磨損而導(dǎo)致的廓形變化極大地影響了列車的運(yùn)行安全,因此道岔廓形的測(cè)量顯得尤為重要。目前激光測(cè)量技術(shù)逐漸應(yīng)用到鐵路行業(yè),但在尺寸較大、構(gòu)型復(fù)雜的道岔方面的應(yīng)用卻非常少。本文對(duì)二維激光傳感器在道岔外形輪廓的測(cè)量方面進(jìn)行了研究,主要工作如下:第一,通過查閱資料分析了道岔檢測(cè)和激光測(cè)量的研究現(xiàn)狀,研究了激光測(cè)量技術(shù)及原理和道岔參數(shù)及評(píng)價(jià)方法,并確定了整體系統(tǒng)的研究方案。第二,研究了本文所用二維激光傳感器的通訊協(xié)議及庫(kù)函數(shù),基于VC++平臺(tái)調(diào)用其動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù),并編寫程序,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)激光測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸與保存。第三,當(dāng)僅傳感器的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度固定時(shí),通過坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換將多次的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換到同一坐標(biāo)系下、利用最小二乘法分別進(jìn)行曲線擬合,通過比較斜率找出公共區(qū)域并確定平移量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)多次測(cè)量曲線的拼接,并對(duì)該曲線拼接方法進(jìn)行了誤差分析。結(jié)果表明:該方法能夠?qū)⒌啦淼恼麄(gè)廓形進(jìn)行拼接,但存在一定的誤差。通過比較擬合曲線的斜率而確定的平移量的誤差較大,且發(fā)現(xiàn),拼接時(shí)公共區(qū)域的斜率越小,平移量的誤差越大;旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的誤差則是引起旋轉(zhuǎn)部分誤差分布不均勻的主要原因?梢妰H確定傳感器的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度而不確定其平移量時(shí),拼接結(jié)果很難滿足精度要求,因此需要同時(shí)確定傳感器的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度和平移量。第四、在確定旋轉(zhuǎn)角度和平移量的情況下,在MATLAB中通過對(duì)多次測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)的拼接。同時(shí)建立了相應(yīng)的正解模型和逆解模型,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)參數(shù)引起的誤差進(jìn)行仿真分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)、當(dāng)傳感器旋轉(zhuǎn)基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)設(shè)在距離光源出射點(diǎn)215mm的位置時(shí),誤差最;(2)、在滿足(1)的條件下,傳感器測(cè)量被測(cè)物體時(shí),避開測(cè)量區(qū)域中X方向和Y方向邊緣的位置,可減小拼接誤差;(3)、傳感器旋轉(zhuǎn)角度誤差△θ對(duì)拼接誤差同樣存在影響,△θ越小,誤差的最大值就越小,因此可根據(jù)測(cè)量精度的需求選擇合適的角度編碼器。
[Abstract]:Turnout is an important equipment for railway track connection. The variation of profile caused by wear has greatly affected the safety of train operation, so it is particularly important to measure the profile of turnout. At present, laser measurement technology is gradually applied to railway industry, but it is seldom used in large size and complicated turnout. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the research status of turnout detection and laser measurement is analyzed by consulting the data. The technique and principle of laser measurement, the parameters and evaluation method of switch are studied, and the research scheme of the whole system is determined. Secondly, the communication protocol and library function of the two-dimensional laser sensor used in this paper are studied. The dynamic link library is called based on VC platform, and a program is written to realize the transmission and preservation of laser measurement data. Third, when only the rotation angle of the sensor is fixed, the measurement data are converted to the same coordinate system by coordinate transformation, and the curve fitting is carried out by the least square method, and the common area is found by comparing the slope and the amount of translation is determined. Thus, the splicing of multiple measurement curves is realized, and the error analysis of the splicing method is carried out. The results show that the method can splice the whole profile of the switch, but there are some errors. By comparing the slope of the fitting curve, the error of the translation is larger, and it is found that the smaller the slope of the common area is, the greater the error of the translation is. The error of rotation angle is the main reason of uneven distribution of rotation error. It can be seen that when only the rotation angle of the sensor is determined and the translation amount is not determined, the stitching result is difficult to meet the precision requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the rotation angle and the translation amount of the sensor at the same time. Fourthly, in the case of determining the rotation angle and the translation amount, the data splicing is realized by coordinate transformation of the data measured many times in MATLAB. At the same time, the corresponding positive solution model and inverse solution model are established, and then the error caused by the parameters is simulated and analyzed. The results show that: (1) when the sensor rotation reference point is located at the position from the 215mm, the error is minimum; (2) when the condition of (1) is satisfied, the sensor avoids the position of X direction and Y direction edge in the measurement area. (3) the sensor rotation angle error 胃 has the same effect on the splicing error. The smaller 胃, the smaller the maximum error is, so the appropriate angle encoder can be selected according to the requirement of measurement accuracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:TN249
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 劉鍵;激光測(cè)量血流[J];物理;1985年06期
2 王建平;;利用激光測(cè)量森林[J];國(guó)際科技交流;1987年05期
3 ;速度和長(zhǎng)度的激光測(cè)量[J];冶金自動(dòng)化;1997年01期
4 殷一賢;一部巨著——評(píng)《激光測(cè)量學(xué)》[J];激光雜志;1999年02期
5 ;激光測(cè)量[J];中國(guó)光學(xué)與應(yīng)用光學(xué)文摘;2001年06期
6 ;激光測(cè)量[J];中國(guó)光學(xué)與應(yīng)用光學(xué)文摘;2002年04期
7 ;激光測(cè)量[J];中國(guó)光學(xué)與應(yīng)用光學(xué)文摘;2002年06期
8 ;激光測(cè)量[J];中國(guó)光學(xué)與應(yīng)用光學(xué)文摘;2003年01期
9 ;激光測(cè)量[J];中國(guó)光學(xué)與應(yīng)用光學(xué)文摘;2004年06期
10 賈生全;童飛;宋德朝;李紅濤;;激光測(cè)量在汽車軸距差測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用[J];電氣自動(dòng)化;2007年03期
相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前5條
1 洪占勇;鄧善熙;楊永躍;;車輪熱軋輪胚尺寸激光測(cè)量?jī)x的研究[A];2009全國(guó)虛擬儀器大會(huì)論文集(一)[C];2009年
2 方小坤;林曉春;安毓英;;薄膜應(yīng)力激光測(cè)量的新裝置[A];2006年全國(guó)光電技術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)會(huì)議文集(A 光電系統(tǒng)總體技術(shù)專題)[C];2006年
3 胡建平;張問輝;唐明;馬平;;激光損傷閾值單脈沖激光測(cè)量方法[A];中國(guó)工程物理研究院科技年報(bào)(2005)[C];2005年
4 王杭亮;陳立;;激光測(cè)量最新進(jìn)展[A];上海市激光學(xué)會(huì)2005年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2005年
5 趙國(guó)民;周濤;姚宏寶;;激光測(cè)量火焰溫度驗(yàn)證技術(shù)研究[A];第十屆全國(guó)光電技術(shù)學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)論文集[C];2012年
相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前4條
1 龍;用激光測(cè)量鑄流速度和板坯長(zhǎng)度[N];世界金屬導(dǎo)報(bào);2007年
2 王超;用于板坯連鑄機(jī)的創(chuàng)新型激光測(cè)量裝置[N];世界金屬導(dǎo)報(bào);2012年
3 煒晨;鋼板尺寸激光測(cè)量法[N];世界金屬導(dǎo)報(bào);2005年
4 記者 丁蕾;便攜式激光測(cè)距儀[N];揚(yáng)州日?qǐng)?bào);2013年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條
1 高聰;道岔外形二維激光測(cè)量技術(shù)研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2016年
2 劉杰;便攜式車輪廓激光測(cè)量?jī)x的研制[D];北京交通大學(xué);2016年
3 隋金雪;激光測(cè)量關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用研究[D];東北電力大學(xué);2005年
4 閆思家;激光測(cè)量目標(biāo)角振動(dòng)的研究[D];電子科技大學(xué);2012年
5 杜文Z,
本文編號(hào):2061302
本文鏈接:http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/dianzigongchenglunwen/2061302.html