本文選題：電磁脈沖 + 脈沖源　； 參考：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：電磁脈沖具有陡峭前沿、較窄脈寬,其瞬間釋放的大量能量可使電子設(shè)備、系統(tǒng)線纜等受到嚴(yán)重破壞。試驗(yàn)用電磁脈沖模擬設(shè)備在電磁脈沖及工程防護(hù)研究方面有重要意義。論文通過理論與實(shí)踐結(jié)合、仿真與試驗(yàn)結(jié)合的方式,研制出一套脈沖源并進(jìn)行濾波器防護(hù)效能應(yīng)用研究。脈沖源指標(biāo)上升沿20ns、峰值電壓±5kV～±80kV可調(diào)、半脈寬500ns～550ns。工作內(nèi)容及總結(jié)如下所述。結(jié)合Ansoft軟件仿真分析了圓柱型、半球頭型和錐型電極對開關(guān)電場分布影響,半球頭型電極電場分布為稍不均勻場,分散性良好;Matlab/simulink建模分析儲(chǔ)能電容、回路電感、固有電阻、對地電容和負(fù)載電阻等對脈沖波形影響,回路電感變大導(dǎo)致脈沖上升時(shí)間變大、輸出幅值減小。較小對地電容起到一定波形陡化作用,過大引起波形振蕩嚴(yán)重時(shí)波形失真。通過對氣體火花開關(guān)主要參數(shù)計(jì)算,設(shè)計(jì)的圓環(huán)片觸發(fā)式氣體火花開關(guān)和觸發(fā)電路具有觸發(fā)頻率可調(diào)、占空比可調(diào)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但在低電壓下對脈沖放電具有較大影響;針對以上不足設(shè)計(jì)的電控間隙可調(diào)式氣體火花開關(guān)有著寬廣觸發(fā)范圍;設(shè)計(jì)的開關(guān)氣路具有良好密封性;在脈沖源正負(fù)極性輸出要求下設(shè)計(jì)出油浸式極性轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān);對脈沖源部件連接及絕緣進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,完成樣機(jī)制作。脈沖源調(diào)試試驗(yàn)分析了開關(guān)腔體氣體環(huán)境、耦合干擾、特性阻抗失配及回路電感較大等現(xiàn)象,通過保持氣體干燥潔凈、減少不必要線纜、主要部件屏蔽和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化等措施消除了以上現(xiàn)象;脈沖源波形電壓、電流測試中上升沿均在20ns以內(nèi),半脈寬500ns～550ns,幅值存在較小誤差,分析可能為電阻式分壓器或電流探頭存在精度問題、脈沖回路中存在回路固有電阻;脈沖源應(yīng)用于交流電源濾波器防護(hù)效能測試。脈沖源輸出波形靜態(tài)特性分析中自擊穿電壓較高時(shí),實(shí)測值小于理論值;觸發(fā)特性分析證明開關(guān)觸發(fā)范圍在60%以上;開關(guān)內(nèi)氣壓越高擊穿電壓越大,上升時(shí)間有減小趨勢;放電間隙越大絕緣強(qiáng)度越高,但上升沿變大。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic pulse has steep front, narrow pulse width, and its instantaneous release of a large amount of energy can cause serious damage to electronic equipment, system cable and so on. The electromagnetic pulse simulation equipment used in the test is of great significance in the research of electromagnetic pulse and engineering protection. Through the combination of theory and practice, simulation and experiment, a set of pulse source is developed and applied to filter protection efficiency. The rising edge of pulse source is 20ns, the peak voltage is 鹵5kV ~ 鹵80kV, and the half-pulse width is 500nsm ~ 550ns. The content and summary of the work are described below. The effects of cylindrical, hemispherical and conical electrodes on the electric field distribution are analyzed by using Ansoft software. The electric field distribution of the hemispherical electrode is slightly uneven, and the dispersion of the electrode is good by Matlab / Simulink. The energy storage capacitance, loop inductance, inherent resistance are analyzed. The influence of the earth capacitance and load resistance on the pulse waveform, the larger the loop inductance, the larger the pulse rise time and the smaller the output amplitude. The small capacitance to the ground has a certain effect of waveform steepening, which causes waveform distortion when the waveform oscillation is serious. Through the calculation of the main parameters of the gas spark switch, the designed annular trigger gas spark switch and trigger circuit have the advantages of adjustable trigger frequency and adjustable duty cycle, but have great influence on the pulse discharge at low voltage. The electrically controlled gap adjustable gas spark switch has a wide trigger range, the designed gas circuit has good sealing, and the oil-immersed polarity switch is designed under the demand of the positive and negative pole output of the pulse source. The connection and insulation of pulse source parts are optimized and the prototype is made. The pulse source test has analyzed the gas environment, coupling interference, characteristic impedance mismatch and large circuit inductance of the switch chamber. By keeping the gas dry and clean, the unnecessary cable can be reduced. The above phenomena are eliminated by shielding and structure optimization of main components, the rising edge of pulse source waveform voltage and current are all within 20ns, and the half-pulse width is 500nsm ~ 550ns, and the amplitude error is small. It may be that the resistive voltage divider or current probe has the problem of accuracy, and the inherent resistance of the circuit exists in the pulse loop, and the pulse source is used to test the protection efficiency of the AC power filter. In the static characteristic analysis of pulse source output waveform, the measured value is smaller than the theoretical value when the self-breakdown voltage is high, the trigger characteristic analysis proves that the trigger range of switch is more than 60%, the higher the breakdown voltage in the switch is, the smaller the rising time is. The larger the discharge gap, the higher the insulation strength, but the bigger the rising edge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN78

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