本文選題：三維激光技術(shù) + 不變矩　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,隧道建設(shè)規(guī)模己位居世界前列。但是在建設(shè)或運(yùn)營(yíng)維護(hù)階段使用傳統(tǒng)的全站儀等測(cè)量工具不能準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè)隧道斷面整體變形,觀測(cè)需要較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高。為了安全、有效、便捷地對(duì)隧道進(jìn)行變形監(jiān)測(cè),以及解決隧道斷面數(shù)據(jù)采集困難的問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種基于三維激光掃描技術(shù)的隧道連續(xù)斷面提取及變形監(jiān)測(cè)方法,該方法分為以下四個(gè)步驟:掃描計(jì)劃及數(shù)據(jù)采集、點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)拼接、局部中軸線擬合、連續(xù)斷面提取及變形監(jiān)測(cè)。首先通過(guò)模擬隧道掃描制訂隧道掃描計(jì)劃,獲取隧道點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),并對(duì)獲取數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行全局拼接;然后利用三維不變矩的方法提取隧道局部中軸線;依據(jù)中軸線調(diào)整局部隧道姿態(tài),使隧道中軸線與提取參考方向一致,沿參考方向提取斷面,對(duì)提取的斷面采用二階矩的方法獲取斷面橢圓特征,連續(xù)斷面的橢圓特征可用于分析隧道的收斂性;最后采用MDP最小距離投影算法分析隧道的斷面及三維變形,確定收斂或擴(kuò)張區(qū)域以及變形量。針對(duì)本文所提方法,根據(jù)掃描計(jì)劃,使用萊卡C10三維激光掃描儀選取中分辨率,以8.14m的間距掃描某隧道,提取不同時(shí)期的隧道區(qū)段中軸線,然后沿中軸線方向連續(xù)提取隧道斷面,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)本文斷面提取的點(diǎn)精度在3mm以?xún)?nèi),并通過(guò)連續(xù)橢圓特征得到了某區(qū)段的收斂性特征。然后基于MDP對(duì)提取的斷面進(jìn)行斷面變形分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該方法能夠判斷出斷面的收斂或擴(kuò)張及得到其斷面點(diǎn)的變形量,且高分辨率的點(diǎn)云斷面的變形信息精度更高。最后基于MDP對(duì)三維隧道曲面進(jìn)行變形分析,得到了隧道區(qū)段的收斂和擴(kuò)張區(qū)域,及其曲面上點(diǎn)的變形量。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文所提出的方法在數(shù)據(jù)采集和斷面提取方面均能達(dá)到工程應(yīng)用的精度要求,能夠快速準(zhǔn)確的提取出隧道的形變信息;同時(shí),對(duì)比于傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集方式,三維激光掃描技術(shù)在數(shù)據(jù)量、數(shù)據(jù)采集速度和人力要求等方面都具有比較明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the scale of tunnel construction has ranked the forefront in the world. However, in the stage of construction or operation and maintenance, the traditional total station and other measuring tools can not accurately monitor the overall deformation of tunnel section, and the observation takes a long time, and the labor intensity is high. In order to monitor the tunnel deformation safely, effectively and conveniently, and to solve the problem of collecting tunnel section data, a method of continuous section extraction and deformation monitoring based on 3D laser scanning technology is proposed in this paper. The method can be divided into four steps: scanning plan and data acquisition, point cloud data splicing, local axis fitting, continuous section extraction and deformation monitoring. First, the tunnel scanning plan is made by simulating the tunnel scanning, the tunnel point cloud data is obtained, and the obtained data is assembled globally. Then, the local tunnel axis is extracted by the method of three-dimensional moment invariant, and the local tunnel attitude is adjusted according to the central axis. The axis of the tunnel is the same as the reference direction, and the cross section is extracted along the reference direction. The elliptic feature of the continuous section can be used to analyze the convergence of the tunnel. Finally, the MDP minimum distance projection algorithm is used to analyze the cross-section and three-dimensional deformation of the tunnel, and the convergence or expansion region and the deformation amount are determined. In view of the method proposed in this paper, according to the scanning plan, using the Laika C10 3D laser scanner to select the medium resolution, scan a tunnel with an interval of 8.14 m, and extract the central axis of the tunnel section in different periods. Then the tunnel section is continuously extracted along the axis of the center. The accuracy of the points extracted from the section is within 3mm and the convergence characteristic of a certain section is obtained by the continuous elliptical feature. Then the section deformation analysis based on MDP shows that the method can judge the convergence or expansion of the section and obtain the deformation of the section point, and the accuracy of the deformation information of the high resolution point cloud section is higher. Finally, based on the analysis of the deformation of 3D tunnel surface based on MDP, the convergence and expansion region of tunnel section and the deformation of points on the surface are obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve the precision requirements of engineering application in data acquisition and section extraction, and can extract the deformation information of tunnel quickly and accurately. At the same time, compared with the traditional data acquisition method, 3D laser scanning technology has obvious advantages in data volume, data acquisition speed and manpower requirement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U456.3;TN249

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本文編號(hào)：1955650