本文選題：光纖傳感 + CO_2激光　； 參考：《武漢工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)周期光纖光柵(Long Period Fiber Grating,LPFG)由于其無(wú)后向散射、對(duì)周圍環(huán)境敏感等特點(diǎn)廣泛應(yīng)用于傳感領(lǐng)域和通信及其它技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。光子晶體光纖(Photonic Crystal Fiber,PCF)的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有很多優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)光纖的特性,改變包層中空氣孔的排列方式、大小、孔間距等參數(shù)可改變其傳輸性質(zhì),這大大拓展了光子晶體光纖的應(yīng)用范圍。光子晶體光纖長(zhǎng)周期光柵(PCF-LPFG)整合了光子晶體光纖和長(zhǎng)周期光纖光柵的優(yōu)點(diǎn),它是通過(guò)在PCF上實(shí)現(xiàn)周期性折射率調(diào)制而形成的,它們的結(jié)合使得空氣孔可以為氣體、液體和微粒子等提供通道。與在普通單模光纖(Single Mode Fiber,SMF)上制備的普通LPFG相比,它有著設(shè)計(jì)自由度和靈活性高、制作工藝多樣化、可進(jìn)行多參量、多功能測(cè)量等特點(diǎn)。LPFG和PCF-LPFG兩者的特性差別很大,如PCF-LPFG對(duì)溫度不敏感,這可以很好的解決溫度和其它被測(cè)物理量之間交叉敏感的問(wèn)題。制備LPFG的方法很多種如紫外寫(xiě)入法、飛秒激光逐點(diǎn)寫(xiě)入、機(jī)械法等,但相比之下CO_2激光曝光法具有成本低、靈活性強(qiáng)、可靠性高、適用光纖類型廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文基于國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究基礎(chǔ)上,采用了一種改進(jìn)型的CO_2激光二維掃描制備LPFG的方法,并利用該方法在SMF和PCF上成功制備了LPFG。鑒于此,本論文的主要研究工作有:(1)介紹了制作LPFG的五種方法各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并從殘余應(yīng)力釋放、玻璃致密化、物理變形三個(gè)方面分析了CO_2激光制備LPFG引起折射率變化的機(jī)理,且對(duì)長(zhǎng)周期光纖光柵的光譜特性采用耦合模理論進(jìn)行了分析和計(jì)算。(2)搭建了一套高頻CO_2激光脈沖二維掃描制備LPFG的實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),主要包括搭建CO_2激光光路系統(tǒng),并對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化改進(jìn),提高了光柵制備的穩(wěn)定性、重復(fù)性和成功率。并且利用該系統(tǒng)分別在普通單模光纖和光子晶體光纖上成功寫(xiě)制了消光比達(dá)30dB插入損耗小于0.3dB的LPFG和消光比達(dá)25dB和插入損耗小于0.7dB的PCF-LPFG,并對(duì)制備過(guò)程中的傳輸譜的演變和其溫度、應(yīng)變、折射率、彎曲等外界因素的傳感特性進(jìn)行了比較和分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:PCF-LPFG相對(duì)于普通LPFG其對(duì)溫度不敏感靈敏度僅為4pm/°C;當(dāng)外界折射率小于1.46時(shí),隨著折射率的增大兩者的漂移方向相反;PCF-LPFG軸向應(yīng)變靈敏度比普通LPFG的應(yīng)變靈敏度提高了一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),達(dá)到了-3.5pm/με;PCF-LPFG的諧振波長(zhǎng)和損耗峰幅值對(duì)氣壓的靈敏度都較低,分別為0.12 nm/MPa、0.25 dB/MPa。(3)除了上述工作以外,還做了光纖F-P(Farby-Perot)干涉儀相關(guān)方面的工作。FPI傳感器因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、高可靠性、高靈敏度等特點(diǎn)成為光纖傳感應(yīng)用的熱點(diǎn)之一,受到廣泛關(guān)注。本文提出的兩種F-P結(jié)構(gòu)均是采用單模光纖和石英毛細(xì)管制作而成的,兩者分別具有高壓強(qiáng)靈敏度和高溫度靈敏度。其中高壓強(qiáng)靈敏度的F-P腔在常壓下其靈敏度可大于1000nm/kPa,比基于膜片的光纖F-P傳感器壓強(qiáng)靈敏度至少高一個(gè)量級(jí)。高溫度靈敏度的F-P腔的最高溫度靈敏度可達(dá)23.4 nm/°C。
[Abstract]:Long period fiber Bragg grating (Long Period Fiber Grating, LPFG) is widely used in sensing field, communication and other technical fields because of its lack of backscatter and sensitivity to the surrounding environment. The porous structure of the photonic crystal fiber (Photonic Crystal Fiber, PCF) makes it have a lot of characteristics superior to the traditional fiber and changes the hollow hole of the cladding. The arrangement, size, hole spacing and other parameters can change the transmission properties of the photonic crystal fiber, which greatly expands the application range of the photonic crystal fiber. The photonic crystal fiber long period grating (PCF-LPFG) integrates the advantages of the photonic crystal fiber and the long period fiber grating. It is formed by the realization of the periodic refractive index modulation on the PCF. It allows air holes to provide channels for gases, liquids and particles. Compared with ordinary LPFG made on the common single mode fiber (Single Mode Fiber, SMF), it has a high degree of freedom and flexibility in design, a variety of manufacturing processes, and the characteristics of both.LPFG and PCF-LPFG, such as PCF, such as PCF, and.LPFG. -LPFG is not sensitive to temperature, which can be a good solution to the cross sensitivity between temperature and other measured physical quantities. There are many methods to prepare LPFG such as UV writing, femtosecond laser writing, mechanical method and so on. In contrast, the CO_2 laser exposure method has the advantages of low cost, strong flexibility, high reliability, and wide application of optical fiber type. Based on the domestic and foreign scholars' research, a modified CO_2 laser two-dimensional scanning method for the preparation of LPFG is adopted, and this method has been successfully prepared on SMF and PCF by this method. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the advantages and disadvantages of the five methods of making LPFG are introduced, and the release of residual stress and glass caused by the residual stress are introduced. The mechanism of the change of the refractive index caused by the CO_2 laser preparation of LPFG is analyzed in three aspects. The spectral characteristics of the long period fiber grating are analyzed and calculated by the coupled mode theory. (2) a test system for the high frequency CO_2 laser pulse scanning for the preparation of LPFG is built, which mainly includes the construction of the CO_2 laser optical path system. The system has been optimized and improved to improve the stability, repeatability and success rate of the grating preparation. And the system is successfully written on the common single mode fiber and photonic crystal fiber, and the LPFG with the insertion loss less than 0.3dB of the insertion loss of 30dB and the PCF-LPFG of the extinction ratio of 25dB and the insertion loss less than 0.7dB are successfully written on the system, and the preparation process is also made. The evolution of the transmission spectrum and the sensing characteristics of the external factors such as temperature, strain, refractive index, bending and other external factors are compared and analyzed. The experiment shows that the sensitivity of PCF-LPFG to the ordinary LPFG is only 4pm/ C; when the external refractive index is less than 1.46, the drift direction of the two is opposite with the increase of the refractive index; the axial direction of the PCF-LPFG axis is in the axial direction. The strain sensitivity is higher than the strain sensitivity of the ordinary LPFG, and the strain sensitivity is increased by an order of magnitude and -3.5pm/ um. The sensitivity of the resonant wavelength and the amplitude of the loss peak to the pressure is lower, which is 0.12 nm/MPa and 0.25 dB/MPa. (3) respectively. Besides the above work, the working.FPI sensor related to the optical fiber F-P (Farby-Perot) interferometer is also made. Because of its simple structure, high reliability and high sensitivity, it has become one of the hot topics in optical fiber sensing applications. The two F-P structures proposed in this paper are made of single mode fiber and quartz capillary, both of which have high sensitivity and high sensitivity respectively. The high voltage and strong sensitivity of the F-P cavity is constant. The sensitivity is more than 1000nm/kPa, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than the sensitivity of the optical fiber F-P sensor based on the diaphragm. The maximum temperature sensitivity of the F-P cavity with high temperature sensitivity can reach 23.4 nm/ degrees C.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN253

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