本文選題：紅外熱成像技術 + 水稻稻瘟病��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了防治病害,保證糧食產(chǎn)量,我國在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中存在過量使用農(nóng)藥的情況,導致土壤和水源的污染日益嚴重。與此同時,大量使用農(nóng)藥帶來的食品安全問題也得到全社會廣泛關注。為了保護環(huán)境實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,國家對農(nóng)業(yè)的水、肥、藥的使用提出了控制用量的要求。2015年3月5日,兩會上的政府報告中強調(diào)“綜合治理農(nóng)藥獸藥殘留問題,全面提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和食品安全水平”。其中病蟲害的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和早期施治是降低農(nóng)藥使用量的有效措施。傳統(tǒng)的病害檢測主要基于肉眼觀察。為了提早發(fā)現(xiàn)病害,近年來人們進行了大量的探索研究,尋找病害早期發(fā)現(xiàn)的方法途徑,如顯微技術、光譜技術等。本文對紅外熱成像技術在作物病害早期檢測方面進行了研究試驗。本課題研究主要內(nèi)容如下:1.總結了國內(nèi)外采用紅外熱成像技術對作物病害和脅迫方面進行檢測的研究進展和現(xiàn)狀,并分析了該技術在國內(nèi)外同類研究中的不足之處;對紅外熱成像技術進行概述,著重闡述了非制冷紅外探測器的原理及構造,并對其熱流量方程進行推導;通過分析作物感染病害后水分變化與溫度的關系,得出了紅外熱成像技術應用于作物病害檢測具有可行性的結論。2.通過查閱大量資料并咨詢揚州農(nóng)科院的水稻專家和中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學的小麥組專家,進行多次預試驗,對比確定了水稻稻瘟病噴霧接種法和小麥條銹病涂抹接種法。對病菌的特點及侵染機理進行了分析;結合實際操作對病菌的培養(yǎng)、病害接種過程等水稻和小麥各自試驗材料的制備方法進行了歸納整理;正式試驗選擇水稻稻瘟病和小麥條銹病為試驗材料。3.對系統(tǒng)需求進行分析,搭建了紅外熱成像試驗系統(tǒng),包括德國Vario CAM#174;hr紅外熱像儀、圖像存儲卡、上位機和可見光圖像采集系統(tǒng)。圖像正式采集之前,通過對全天不同時刻作物紅外熱圖像采集,分析對比了環(huán)境溫度和水分對成像效果的影響,最終確定了圖像采樣時間及檢測方法。4.在可控條件下,運用紅外熱成像技術對水稻稻瘟病葉片和小麥條銹病葉片進行初步檢測,分析紅外熱圖像中病原對葉片的影響。采用IRBIS 3紅外數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件對獲取的200幅圖像進行分析,提取其特征值可得,在干燥環(huán)境中,水稻稻瘟病葉片感病后的溫差為0.62℃~2℃,其健康葉片溫差小于0.2℃;小麥條銹病的葉片感病后的溫差為1℃~1.5℃,其健康葉片溫差小于0.3℃。5.利用紅外分析軟件IRBIS 3對2000余幅圖像進行分析,結果表明:(1)對接種水稻稻瘟病的80個水稻樣本進行連續(xù)、無損檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)在肉眼很難觀測到病變時,紅外熱圖像中已經(jīng)能發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片感病部位和健康部位間約有0.36℃~0.63℃的溫度特征差值,基本可以于發(fā)病前一天初步實現(xiàn)對水稻稻瘟病的早期檢測。(2)小麥在遭受條銹菌侵染后,葉片病害部位的溫度低于健康部位的溫度,在病斑明顯可見前,即小麥剛進入褪綠期,此時還未產(chǎn)孢,而在紅外熱圖像中的標注點處,經(jīng)過紅外熱圖像特征提取可得此處比周圍正常部位溫度特征值低0.62℃~0.87℃。(3)本試驗在利用紅外熱成像技術檢測作物病害的同時,使用葉綠素含量測定儀SPAD-502對其葉綠素相對值進行測定。與葉片的溫度、病情發(fā)展進行綜合分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),葉綠素相對含量隨病情的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生變化。試驗結果表明,在可控條件下,葉綠素相對含量可以作為鑒別葉片是否感染病害的一個指標。上述研究結果表明采用紅外熱成像技術可以實現(xiàn)作物病害的快速、無損檢測。本研究為作物病害的快速檢測儀器和傳感器的開發(fā)提供了理論基礎。
[Abstract]:In order to prevent and control diseases and ensure grain yield, there is a situation of excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production in China, which leads to more and more serious pollution of soil and water. At the same time, the problem of food safety caused by a large number of pesticides has also been widely concerned. In order to protect the environment and realize the sustainable development of agriculture, the state has made the water and fertilizer of agriculture. The use of drug use put forward the requirement to control the dosage in March 5th.2015. In the government report of the two conferences, the government report of the two conferences stressed "comprehensive control of pesticide and veterinary drug residues, improving the quality of agricultural products and the level of food safety in an all-round way". Based on the naked eye observation. In order to find the disease early, a lot of research and research have been carried out in recent years to find ways of early detection of disease, such as microtechnology and spectral technology. This paper studies the early detection of crop disease by infrared thermal imaging technology. The main contents of this research are as follows: 1. summarized the domestic The research progress and status of the detection of crop disease and stress by infrared thermal imaging technology are adopted, and the shortcomings of the technology in the same kind of research at home and abroad are analyzed. The infrared thermal imaging technology is summarized, the principle and structure of uncooled infrared detector are expounded, and the heat flow equation is deduced. The relationship between water change and temperature after crop infection was analyzed, and the feasibility of applying infrared thermal imaging technology to crop disease detection.2. was concluded by consulting a lot of data and consulting the experts of the rice experts in Yangzhou Academy of agriculture and the experts of the wheat group of China Agricultural University, and the rice blast was determined by comparison. The spray inoculation method and the wheat stripe rust smear inoculation method were used to analyze the characteristics of the pathogen and the mechanism of the infection. The preparation methods of the experimental materials of rice and wheat were summed up in combination with the cultivation of the pathogens, the inoculation process of the disease and so on in combination with the actual operation. The formal test selected the rice blast and the wheat stripe rust as the test material.3.. The system requirements are analyzed and the infrared thermal imaging test system is set up, including the German Vario CAM#174, the HR infrared thermograph, the image storage card, the upper computer and the visible light image acquisition system. Before the image is collected, the image effect of the environment temperature and water on the imaging effect is analyzed and compared through the collection of the infrared thermal images of the crops at different times of the day. When the image sampling time and the detection method.4. were determined, the infrared thermal imaging technique was used to detect the leaves of rice blast and wheat stripe rust under the controllable condition. The effect of pathogen on the leaves in the infrared thermal image was analyzed. The 200 images obtained by the IRBIS 3 infrared data analysis software were analyzed and extracted. Its characteristic value can be obtained. In the dry environment, the temperature difference of rice blast leaves after the disease is 0.62 ~2 C, the temperature difference of the healthy leaves is less than 0.2 degrees C, the difference of temperature difference between the leaves of wheat stripe rust after the disease is 1 C ~1.5 C, the temperature difference of the healthy leaves is less than 0.3 C.5., and the infrared analysis software IRBIS 3 is used to analyze the 2000 images. The results show that: (1) 80 rice samples inoculated with rice blast were tested continuously and nondestructive. It was found that when the naked eye was difficult to observe the pathological changes, the temperature characteristic difference between the infected parts of the leaves and the healthy parts at about 0.36 ~0.63 C had been found in the infrared thermal image, and the early detection of rice blast was preliminarily realized on the day before the onset of the disease. 2) when the wheat was infected with stripe rust, the temperature of the site of leaf disease was lower than that of the healthy part. Before the spot was visible, the wheat had just entered the fading period and did not produce the sporulation at this time. At the point of the infrared thermal image, the feature extraction by infrared thermal image was 0.62 ~0.87 lower than the temperature characteristic value of the normal part around the surrounding area. (3) (3) while using infrared thermal imaging to detect crop diseases, the chlorophyll relative value was measured by the chlorophyll content analyzer. After comprehensive analysis of the temperature of the leaves and the development of the disease, the relative content of chlorophyll changed with the development of the disease. The experimental results showed that under controlled conditions, The relative content of chlorophyll can be used as an indicator to identify the infection of leaves. The above results show that the infrared thermal imaging technology can achieve rapid and nondestructive detection of crop diseases. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of rapid detection instruments and sensors for crop diseases.

【學位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S431;TN219;S123

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 何麗;走向新世紀的紅外熱成像技術[J];激光與光電子學進展;2002年12期

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本文編號：1800615