本文選題：低功耗　切入點(diǎn)：低壓　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著移動通信產(chǎn)品、可穿戴設(shè)備,便攜式生物醫(yī)療器件等需要電池供電的移動電子產(chǎn)品的性能不斷提高,使用市場的不斷擴(kuò)大,使得對于如何減小電路功率消耗成為重要的研究方向。因此,對于低功耗模擬IC設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的研究變得極其必要且意義重大。模擬濾波器作為模擬信號處理中廣泛應(yīng)用的模塊,關(guān)于它的的低功耗研究對于整個模擬IC的低功耗設(shè)計(jì)是很有幫助的,本文重點(diǎn)研究憑借優(yōu)越的性能一直被廣泛使用的OTA-C濾波器。本文參考了國內(nèi)外大量關(guān)于低壓低功耗模擬IC設(shè)計(jì)的方法,通過對這些方法性能表現(xiàn)的全面分析與評估,采用亞閾值區(qū)電路作為本文低功耗研究的重點(diǎn)方向。接著研究了跨導(dǎo)放大器的原理并且分析了其在飽和區(qū)和亞閾值區(qū)的直流特性,可以知道亞閾值區(qū)的OTA(跨導(dǎo)運(yùn)算放大器)輸出電流與輸入的差分電壓是雙曲正切函數(shù)的關(guān)系,以此作為基礎(chǔ),解決亞閾值區(qū)輸入線性范圍過小的問題。本文用了四種方法來改善OTA輸入線性范圍:源級負(fù)反饋、柵極負(fù)反饋、襯底驅(qū)動以及一種特殊電路結(jié)構(gòu)——Bump線性化結(jié)構(gòu),其中襯底驅(qū)動既有效降低了對電源電壓的要求并且可以使柵極空出來提供反饋,Bump電路是在差分對管的兩條支路中間增加一條包含兩個管子的支路,可以有效提高像亞閾值區(qū)OTA這種具有雙曲正切函數(shù)關(guān)系的電路結(jié)構(gòu)的輸入線性范圍。這四種方法在提高線性度的同時也使得跨導(dǎo)增益降低了,造成OTA直流增益過小,不利于推廣使用,因此,本文又使用了一種改進(jìn)的新型電流鏡作為輸出級,大大提高了輸出阻抗,進(jìn)而使得直流增益增大,并且這種新型的電流鏡同時也是適合低電源電壓應(yīng)用的。最后將這種OTA應(yīng)用到最終設(shè)計(jì)的OTA-C濾波器中,實(shí)現(xiàn)低壓低功耗大輸入擺幅的設(shè)計(jì)。本文所有的電路使用的都是0.18μm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CMOS工藝,在Cadence的Virtuoso Schematic Compose上完成電路設(shè)計(jì),然后再在Analog Design Environment上進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證,通過仿真顯示,在0.9V的電源電壓下,最終完成的OTA直流增益可以達(dá)到40dB以上,截止頻率約為55kHz,輸入線性范圍由原來的幾十毫伏提升到?1V,并且功耗只有110nW,由其所構(gòu)成的OTA-C濾波器截止頻率約600Hz,輸入擺幅可以達(dá)到0.8V,通帶較平坦,阻帶衰減較快,總體來說性能良好,最終也只有不到400nW的功耗�？梢钥闯�,本文所設(shè)計(jì)的OTA及其所構(gòu)成的濾波器是符合我們所要求的大線性度低功耗要求的。作為通用模塊,本文所設(shè)計(jì)的OTA以及OTA-C濾波器是可以在模擬IC低功耗設(shè)計(jì)中起到關(guān)鍵作用的。
[Abstract]:As mobile communications products, wearable devices, portable biomedical devices, and other mobile electronics that require battery power continue to improve their performance and the market for use continues to expand,Therefore, how to reduce the power consumption of the circuit becomes an important research direction.Therefore, the study of low-power analog IC design technology becomes extremely necessary and significant.As a widely used module in analog signal processing, the research on the low power consumption of analog filter is helpful to the low power design of the whole analog IC.This paper focuses on OTA-C filters, which have been widely used by virtue of their superior performance.This paper refers to a large number of methods of low voltage and low power analog IC design at home and abroad. Through the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the performance of these methods, the sub-threshold circuit is adopted as the focus of the research on low power consumption in this paper.Then, the principle of transconductance amplifier is studied and its DC characteristics in saturation region and sub-threshold region are analyzed. It can be known that the output current of OTA in the sub-threshold region is a hyperbolic tangent function with the input differential voltage, and the OTA (transconductance operational amplifier) output current in the sub-threshold region is a hyperbolic tangent function.Based on this, the problem that the input linear range of subthreshold region is too small is solved.In this paper, four methods are used to improve the linear range of OTA input: source-level negative feedback, gate negative feedback, substrate drive, and a special circuit structure Bump linearization structure.The substrate driver can effectively reduce the requirement of the power supply voltage and can make the gate empty to provide feedback. The Bump circuit adds a branch containing two tubes between the two branches of the differential pair.It can effectively improve the input linear range of circuit structures with hyperbolic tangent function such as sub-threshold region OTA.These four methods not only improve the linearity but also reduce the transconductance gain, which results in the OTA DC gain being too small, which is not conducive to popularization. Therefore, an improved new type of current mirror is used as the output stage in this paper.The output impedance is greatly increased, and the DC gain is increased, and this new type of current mirror is also suitable for the application of low power supply voltage.Finally, this OTA is applied to the final design of OTA-C filter to realize the design of low voltage and low power consumption and large input swing.All the circuits used in this paper are 0.18 渭 m standard CMOS process. The circuit is designed on the Virtuoso Schematic Compose of Cadence, and then simulated on the Analog Design Environment.The final OTA DC gain can reach 40dB,The cutoff frequency is about 55kHz, the input linear range is raised from tens of millivolts to 1V, and the power consumption is only 110nW. The cut-off frequency of the OTA-C filter is about 600Hz, the input swing can reach 0.8V, the passband is flat, and the stopband attenuation is faster.Overall performance is good, and ultimately less than the power consumption of 400nW.It can be seen that the OTA and the filter designed in this paper meet the requirements of large linearity and low power consumption.As a universal module, the OTA and OTA-C filters designed in this paper can play a key role in the low power design of analog IC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN713

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