本文選題：卡爾曼濾波器　切入點：煤發(fā)熱量　出處：《華北電力大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨以風電為代表的可再生能源規(guī)�；⒕W,火電機組調峰調頻任務日益艱巨。為快速響應發(fā)電負荷指令變化同時保證機組安全、經濟、環(huán)保運行,需要對機組關鍵系統(tǒng)進行更加有效的監(jiān)視和控制。對象關鍵狀態(tài)參數測不到或測不準一直是困擾狀態(tài)檢測和優(yōu)化控制的難題。事實上,如煤發(fā)熱量、鍋爐效率、熱量信號等許多測量或軟測量信號無法同時滿足準確性和實時性的要求。針對同一信號,采用某種測量方法得到的結果靜態(tài)誤差小但動態(tài)誤差大,而采用另外一種測量方法得到的結果動態(tài)誤差小但靜態(tài)誤差大�？柭鼮V波器在組合導航中獲得成功應用。GPS定位信號靜態(tài)準確度好但實時性差,慣性定位信號實時性好但靜態(tài)準確度差,卡爾曼濾波器發(fā)揮兩者優(yōu)點,獲得既準又快的綜合定位信號。將這種方法借鑒到多元熱工信號融合領域。以現(xiàn)場入爐煤發(fā)熱量測量為例分析了不同測量方法的特點:實驗室化驗結果靜態(tài)準確度高,但測量結果為離散點且存在滯后;利用鍋爐效率正反平衡分析方法相結合得到的結果,機組穩(wěn)定運行工況下準確度高,但變負荷工況時存在巨大的動態(tài)誤差;制粉系統(tǒng)熱力計算結合煙氣成份分析得到結果也只在穩(wěn)定工況下有效;而基于機組發(fā)電負荷-機前壓力簡化非線性動態(tài)模型構造的結果,能夠較快反映煤發(fā)熱量變化情況但靜態(tài)基準值難以確定。不同的方法在靜態(tài)準確度和實時性上各有特點,在此,研究了兩種煤發(fā)熱量信息融合方法:(1)結合卡爾曼濾波預估-校正實質,利用實驗室化驗法得到的煤發(fā)熱量的數據,實時修正基于機組負荷-壓力模型動態(tài)法得到的實時煤發(fā)熱量值。(2)針對動態(tài)法和基于制粉系統(tǒng)熱力計算結合煙氣成份分析得到結果的靜態(tài)法在實時性和靜態(tài)精度上互補的特點,對其進行信息融合。利用機組實時運行數據驗證,得到靜態(tài)準確度和動態(tài)誤差均小于4%的綜合發(fā)熱量信號,能夠滿足工程實用要求。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy represented by wind power, the task of peak shaving and frequency modulation of thermal power units is becoming increasingly arduous. In order to quickly respond to the change of power generation load and ensure the safety, economy and environmental protection of the units, It is necessary to monitor and control the key system of the unit more effectively. It is a difficult problem for the state detection and optimization control that the key state parameter of the object can not be measured or uncertain. In fact, the boiler efficiency, such as coal calorific value, boiler efficiency, etc. Many measuring or soft measuring signals such as heat signal can not meet the requirements of accuracy and real-time simultaneously. For the same signal, the static error is small but the dynamic error is large. However, the dynamic error is small but the static error is large by using another measuring method. The Kalman filter has been successfully used in integrated navigation. The GPS positioning signal has good static accuracy but poor real-time performance. Inertial positioning signal has good real-time performance but poor static accuracy, and Kalman filter has the advantages of both. This method is used for reference in the field of multi-element thermal signal fusion. The characteristics of different measurement methods are analyzed by taking the measurement of calorific value of coal in situ as an example: the static accuracy of laboratory test results is high. However, the measurement results are discrete points and lag, and the results obtained by combining the positive and negative balance analysis method of boiler efficiency show that the accuracy of the unit is high under stable operating conditions, but there is a huge dynamic error under variable load conditions. The results obtained from the thermodynamic calculation of pulverizing system combined with the analysis of flue gas composition are only valid under steady working conditions, but based on the results of simplified nonlinear dynamic model construction of generating load-front pressure of generating units, It can reflect the change of coal calorific value quickly, but the static reference value is difficult to determine. Different methods have their own characteristics in static accuracy and real time. This paper studies two fusion methods of coal calorific value information: 1) combined with Kalman filter prediction-correction essence, using the data of coal calorific value obtained by laboratory test method. Real-time correction is based on the real-time coal calorific value obtained by the dynamic method of unit load-pressure model. Aiming at the characteristics of the dynamic method and the static method which is based on the thermodynamic calculation of the pulverizing system combined with the smoke composition analysis, the real-time and static accuracy of the method are complementary. By using the real-time operation data of the unit, the integrated calorific signal with static accuracy and dynamic error less than 4% is obtained, which can meet the practical requirements of engineering.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM621;TN713

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