本文選題：非大氣窗口　切入點(diǎn)：傳輸特性　出處：《南京理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在復(fù)雜的戰(zhàn)場背景環(huán)境中,現(xiàn)有毫米波引信系統(tǒng)存在抗干擾能力不足的問題,單一模式和常規(guī)頻段的探測(cè)器已經(jīng)不能滿足軍事作戰(zhàn)任務(wù)。為提高探測(cè)性能,必須開拓新的頻段和多模式復(fù)合的毫米波系統(tǒng)。非大氣窗口頻段毫米波的大氣衰減十分嚴(yán)重,難以適應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)距離通信、遠(yuǎn)距離雷達(dá)探測(cè)等系統(tǒng)的要求,而毫米波引信的作用距離僅為幾米到幾百米,探測(cè)系統(tǒng)性能受傳播衰減的影響較小,此外,非大氣窗口毫米波系統(tǒng)對(duì)于敵方的偵查和干擾具有十分優(yōu)越的對(duì)抗能力。因此將非大氣窗口作為毫米波引信工作頻段具有十分廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文重點(diǎn)研究非大氣窗口頻段毫米波的傳播特性。根據(jù)ITU-R給出的傳播衰減模型,對(duì)毫米波在晴朗天氣條件下的大氣吸收、散射和折射效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明大氣吸收對(duì)毫米波傳播過程的衰減起主要作用,且毫米波在60GHz、118.8GHz和183GHz處出現(xiàn)吸收峰。同時(shí)分析了降雨和霧霾天氣對(duì)毫米波傳播過程的影響,在兩種天氣條件下建立了衰減模型并進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算,由計(jì)算結(jié)果可以看出在降雨條件下毫米波的傳播衰減劇烈,而在霧霾中的毫米波衰減很小,表明毫米波具有較強(qiáng)的穿透霧霾的能力,而穿透雨的能力較差。基于傳播特性分析,理論計(jì)算傳播衰減對(duì)非大氣窗口探測(cè)系統(tǒng)作用距離的影響。進(jìn)一步探究工作在60GHz和118.8GHz非大氣窗口頻段毫米波系統(tǒng)的反偵察特性和抗有源干擾特性。用35GHz大氣窗口頻段毫米波探測(cè)系統(tǒng)的工作性能作仿真對(duì)比分析。分析結(jié)果在理論上驗(yàn)證了非大氣窗口頻段應(yīng)用于近程毫米波引信的可行性。在可行性驗(yàn)證的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)60GHz非大氣窗口頻段FMCW主動(dòng)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了方案論證和信號(hào)處理部分的設(shè)計(jì)。首先說明了FMCW主動(dòng)測(cè)距的原理。然后在時(shí)域上和頻域上對(duì)差頻信號(hào)進(jìn)行了分析,并討論了系統(tǒng)參數(shù)選擇的原則。其次基于FPGA對(duì)60GHz毫米波主動(dòng)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)的信號(hào)處理部分進(jìn)行了軟件和硬件設(shè)計(jì)。最后對(duì)以上的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明60GHz非大氣窗口毫米波系統(tǒng)的測(cè)距范圍達(dá)到120m以上,且測(cè)距誤差小于5%,滿足系統(tǒng)測(cè)距要求。非大氣窗口頻段的傳輸特性理論分析、建模仿真以及主動(dòng)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證為該頻段應(yīng)用于近程探測(cè)和毫米波引信提供了理論和數(shù)據(jù)支撐。
[Abstract]:In the complex battlefield background environment, the existing millimeter-wave fuze system has the problem of insufficient anti-jamming capability, the single mode and conventional frequency band detectors can no longer meet the military combat tasks. It is necessary to develop a new millimeter wave system with multiple modes and frequency bands. The atmospheric attenuation of the millimeter wave in the non-atmospheric window band is very serious, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of long-distance communication, long-range radar detection and other systems. The millimeter-wave fuze has a range of only a few to several hundred meters, and the performance of the detection system is less affected by the propagation attenuation. The non-atmospheric window millimeter-wave system has a very superior countermeasure ability to the enemy's detection and interference. Therefore, using the non-atmospheric window as the working frequency band of the millimeter wave fuze has a very broad application prospect. The emphasis of this paper is on the non-atmospheric window as the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave fuze. Propagation characteristics of millimeter waves in the frequency band of atmospheric windows. According to the propagation attenuation model given by ITU-R, The atmospheric absorption, scattering and refraction effects of millimeter waves in sunny weather are calculated. The results show that atmospheric absorption plays a major role in the attenuation of millimeter wave propagation. The absorption peaks of millimeter wave are observed at 118.8 GHz and 183GHz. The effects of rainfall and haze weather on the propagation of millimeter wave are analyzed, and the attenuation model is established and simulated under two weather conditions. From the calculation results, we can see that the millimeter-wave propagation attenuates sharply under the rainfall condition, but the millimeter-wave attenuation in haze is very small, which indicates that the millimeter-wave has a strong ability to penetrate haze, but the ability to penetrate the rain is poor. Based on the analysis of propagation characteristics, The influence of propagation attenuation on the operating distance of non-atmospheric window detection system is calculated theoretically. The anti-reconnaissance and anti-active interference characteristics of millimeter-wave system working in the frequency band of 60GHz and 118.8GHz non-atmospheric window are further explored. The 35GHz atmospheric window is used to study the characteristics of anti-detection and anti-active interference. The performance of millimeter wave detection system in frequency band is compared and analyzed by simulation. The results show that the application of non-atmospheric window frequency band to short-range millimeter wave fuze is feasible. In this paper, the scheme of FMCW active detection system in non-atmospheric window band of 60GHz is demonstrated and the signal processing part is designed. Firstly, the principle of FMCW active ranging is explained. Then, the differential frequency signal is analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. The principle of system parameter selection is discussed. Secondly, the signal processing part of 60GHz millimeter wave active detection system based on FPGA is designed in software and hardware. Finally, the above system is designed and implemented and verified by experiment. The experimental results show that the ranging range of the 60GHz non-atmospheric window millimeter-wave system is more than 120m, and the ranging error is less than 5, which meets the requirements of the system ranging. Modeling simulation and active detection system design and experimental verification provide theoretical and data support for the application of this frequency band in short-range detection and millimeter-wave fuze.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN015

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