本文選題：低溫紅外　切入點(diǎn)：黑體溫差源　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著紅外系統(tǒng)測(cè)量精度的不斷提升,太空探索、空間監(jiān)測(cè)等多項(xiàng)工作擁有了更加高效的技術(shù)手段。為了保證此類系統(tǒng)的高精度要求,特別是對(duì)于應(yīng)用于深冷太空監(jiān)測(cè)的紅外系統(tǒng),需要為其設(shè)計(jì)特殊的可模擬此類太空工作環(huán)境的紅外輻射器完成偏差校正試驗(yàn)并準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的精度。低溫紅外溫差源就是完成此類試驗(yàn)的方法之一,它的主要作用是對(duì)系統(tǒng)的不均勻性進(jìn)行校正,并對(duì)其靈敏度進(jìn)行測(cè)量。本文的主要內(nèi)容即為低溫紅外溫差源的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程以及結(jié)果情況分析。低溫紅外溫差源的總體結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括兩個(gè)主要模塊:立式真空室結(jié)構(gòu)和準(zhǔn)直系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其中:立式真空室內(nèi)的黑體背景、黑體目標(biāo)、靶標(biāo)以及液氮罐一同為系統(tǒng)提供穩(wěn)定的低溫溫差輻射信號(hào),它們是系統(tǒng)的核心元件;準(zhǔn)直系統(tǒng)用于模擬太空觀測(cè)時(shí)的光路結(jié)構(gòu)并使信號(hào)透射紅外窗口提供給被檢紅外系統(tǒng)。在關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)中,黑體背景的邊長(zhǎng)設(shè)定為120mm,黑體目標(biāo)直徑保證大于50mm,兩者的溫差為低溫?zé)彷椛湫盘?hào)。降溫方法為液氮浴法,其結(jié)構(gòu)為面源結(jié)構(gòu),可選擇的致冷板結(jié)構(gòu)包括:圓筒式、空腔式、蛇形管式和蛇形槽式四種結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)降溫時(shí)長(zhǎng)以及溫度均勻性進(jìn)行選擇。另外,系統(tǒng)根據(jù)降溫過(guò)程以及黑體目標(biāo)的加熱過(guò)程確定溫度探針以及加熱片的分布情況,并采用PLC控溫元件實(shí)現(xiàn)恒溫方案的設(shè)計(jì)。準(zhǔn)直系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)為拋物面反射式平行光管,其焦距為704mm,視場(chǎng)為5°;并根據(jù)工作波段確定紅外窗口采用7-12μm鍺紅外窗口。并采用次鏡離軸式結(jié)構(gòu),離軸量h等于200mm,可避免中心遮擋的問(wèn)題。為保證紅外溫差源系統(tǒng)正常工作,需要對(duì)總體系統(tǒng)的雜散光影響情況進(jìn)行分析,并根據(jù)其對(duì)輻射的影響確定系統(tǒng)的輻射校正方案,提升低溫紅外溫差源的工作精度。在本文的低溫紅外溫差源的設(shè)計(jì)中,背景信號(hào)可保證在80K以下,目標(biāo)信號(hào)的可變溫范圍為80-300K,控溫精度為0.1K。可以滿足紅外系統(tǒng)校正不均勻性以及測(cè)量靈敏度的要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous improvement of infrared system measurement accuracy, space exploration, space monitoring and other work have more efficient technical means. Especially for infrared systems used in cryogenic space monitoring, It is necessary to design a special infrared radiator that can simulate the working environment of this kind of space. It is necessary to complete the deviation correction test and accurately measure the accuracy of the system. The low-temperature infrared temperature difference source is one of the methods to complete the test. Its main function is to correct the nonuniformity of the system, The main content of this paper is the design process and the result analysis of the low temperature infrared temperature difference source. The overall structure of the low temperature infrared temperature difference source consists of two main modules: vertical vacuum chamber junction. Construction and collimation system structure. Among them: blackbody background in vertical vacuum chamber, Blackbody targets, targets and liquid nitrogen tanks together provide the system with stable low-temperature difference radiation signals, which are the core components of the system. The collimation system is used to simulate the optical structure of space observation and to make the signal transmission infrared window available to the detected infrared system. The side length of the blackbody background is set to 120 mm, the diameter of the blackbody object is guaranteed to be more than 50 mm, the temperature difference between the two is a low temperature thermal radiation signal. The cooling method is liquid nitrogen bath method, and its structure is a surface source structure. The chilled plate structure can be selected as follows: cylinder type, cavity type, In addition, the system determines the distribution of the temperature probe and the heating sheet according to the cooling process and the heating process of the blackbody object. The structure of the collimating system is a parabolic reflective parallel light tube. The focal length is 704mm, the field of view is 5 擄, and the infrared window is determined to be 7-12 渭 m germanium infrared window according to the working band. The off-axis structure of the infrared window is adopted and the off-axis value h is equal to 200mm, which can avoid the problem of central occlusion. In order to ensure the normal operation of the infrared temperature source system, It is necessary to analyze the influence of stray light on the whole system, determine the radiation correction scheme of the system according to its influence on radiation, and improve the working precision of the low-temperature infrared temperature difference source. In the design of the low-temperature infrared temperature difference source in this paper, The background signal can be guaranteed to be below 80K, the variable temperature range of the target signal is 80-300K, and the temperature control precision is 0.1K. it can meet the requirements of the infrared system for correcting the nonuniformity and measuring sensitivity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN21

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