本文選題：光子晶體光纖　切入點：傳感特性　出處：《大連理工大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：光子晶體光纖(Photonic crystal fiber, PCF)具有特殊的氣孔結構和導光機制,因此在光纖傳感和通信領域具有巨大應用前景。本文針對PCF特性及其傳感應用,對PCF中的模式及其特性、PCF長周期光柵(Long-period grating, PCF-LPG)和PCF馬赫-曾德爾干涉儀(Mach-Zehnder interferometer, MZI, PCF-MZI)的特性及傳感應用做了全面研究,主要內容包括以下幾個方面：1.基于矢量有效折射率法研究了改變結構參數(shù)調節(jié)PCF色散的方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)零色散波長隨占空比和比例系數(shù)變化分別有極大值和極小值的雙極值特性。色散調節(jié)方法和極值特性可用于指導設計有特定色散的PCF。在800 nm附近飛秒激光器工作波長處,設計了分別具有約60 nm帶寬的反常平坦色散、正常平坦色散和近零平坦色散的3種PCF。2.通過數(shù)值模擬研究了根據結構參數(shù)選擇合適光柵周期指導制備PCF-LPG的方法,及優(yōu)選結構參數(shù)等增強內折射率(nin)敏感特性的方法。對反共振反射型光波導PCF-LPG內折射率特性進行了研究,結果表明在高介質折射率傳感領域靈敏度達到10-7 RIU/pm量級。提出并分析了PCF-LPG折射率雙通道測量法：被測介質在光柵外和氣孔內共同作用包層模,從而增強折射率敏感特性,制成高度靈敏的PCF-LPG折射率傳感器。3.以HE11cl模為例研究PCF中包層模及其色散特性、nin特性與包層半徑關系。發(fā)現(xiàn)半徑、波長及nin變化時,環(huán)狀模、HE11cl模和HE12cl模間會衍變；半徑減小時,多個類似模式按相似規(guī)律變化。不同半徑下同一模式的色散特性和nin特性不同；模次升高時,色散特性和nin特性整體變化和增強。發(fā)現(xiàn)適當減小半徑可增強PCF-LPG內折射率特性。4.理論與實驗研究了多種因素對PCF-MZI應變特性的影響；制作了光纖環(huán)鏡反射型PCF-MZI,測試表明具有較大條紋可見度和較窄帶寬,能提高分辨率,應變靈敏度為-2.53 pm/με。設計制作了具有流線型熔接區(qū)的大線徑PCF-MZI,測試表明應變靈敏度為-1.77 pm/με,折射率特性很弱,此種MZI適用于折射率特性不敏感的應變傳感領域。5.設計并制備了階梯式橫向大偏置結構光纖MZI折射率傳感器,研究了干涉原理、譜特性和折射率敏感特性。實驗結果表明此種MZI靈敏度較高,長327μm和436μm的PCF-MZI和普通單模光纖MZI的靈敏度分別為2.17*10-7 RIU/pm和3.12*10-8 RIU/pm,靈敏度隨著MZI長度減小而提高。制備了橫向大偏置結構PCF-MZI,理論分析了干涉原理和折射率傳感機制,折射率特性測試表明長330 μmPCF-MZI的靈敏度達到6.62* 10-8 RIU/pm。兩種光纖MZI適于制成高度靈敏、快速測量的折射率傳感器。
[Abstract]:Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has special stomatal structure and light conduction mechanism, so it has great application prospect in the field of optical fiber sensing and communication. In this paper, we focus on the characteristics of PCF and its sensing applications. In this paper, the characteristics and sensing applications of PCF long period grating long period gratings (PCF-LPGs) and PCF Mach Zehnder interferometers (MZI, PCF-MZI) are studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. Based on the vector effective refractive index method, the method of adjusting the dispersion of PCF by changing the structure parameters is studied. It is found that the zero-dispersion wavelength has the characteristics of maximum and minimum with duty cycle and proportional coefficient, respectively. The dispersion adjustment method and the extreme characteristic can be used to guide the design of PCF with specific dispersion. The wavelength of femtosecond laser is at 800 nm. Three kinds of PCF.2s of anomalous flat dispersion, normal flat dispersion and near-zero flat dispersion with about 60 nm bandwidth are designed. The method of choosing appropriate grating period to guide the preparation of PCF-LPG is studied by numerical simulation. The internal refractive index characteristics of antiresonance reflective optical waveguide (PCF-LPG) are studied by means of selecting structural parameters and enhancing the sensitivity of internal refractive index ninning. The results show that the sensitivity in the field of high dielectric refractive index sensing is 10 ~ (-7) RIU/pm. A two-channel PCF-LPG refractive index measurement method is proposed and analyzed. The measured medium acts on the cladding mode outside the grating and in the pores, thus enhancing the refractive index sensitivity. A highly sensitive PCF-LPG refractive index sensor .3.Take the HE11cl mode as an example to study the relationship between the cladding mode and its dispersion characteristics and the cladding radius in PCF. It is found that when the radius, wavelength and nin change, the ring mode HE11cl and HE12cl mode will evolve; The dispersion characteristics and nin characteristics of the same mode are different under different radii. It is found that the internal refractive index characteristics of PCF-LPG can be enhanced by decreasing the radius. 4. The influence of many factors on the strain characteristics of PCF-LPG is studied theoretically and experimentally. The reflective PCF-MZI of optical fiber loop mirror has been fabricated. The test results show that the PCF-MZI has large stripe visibility and narrower bandwidth, which can improve the resolution of PCF-MZI. The strain sensitivity is -2.53 pm/ 渭 蔚. A large diameter PCF-MZI with streamlined weld region is designed and fabricated. The results show that the strain sensitivity is -1.77 pm/ 渭 蔚, and the refractive index is very weak. This kind of MZI is suitable for strain sensing field with insensitive refractive index characteristics. A step transverse large offset fiber MZI refractive index sensor is designed and fabricated, and the interference principle is studied. Spectral characteristics and refractive index sensitivity characteristics. The experimental results show that this MZI has a high sensitivity. The sensitivities of 327 渭 m and 436 渭 m PCF-MZI and MZI are 2.17 RIU/pm and 3.12 ~ (-8) RIU-pm, respectively. The sensitivity increases with the decrease of MZI length. The transverse large bias PCF-MZI is fabricated, and the interference principle and refractive index sensing mechanism are analyzed theoretically. The measurement of refractive index characteristics shows that the sensitivity of 330 渭 mPCF-MZI is 6.62 * 10-8 RIU-pm.The two kinds of optical fiber MZI are suitable for making highly sensitive and fast measuring refractive index sensors.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN253

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