本文關(guān)鍵詞： CSNS FPGA ASIC Lab VIEW 多絲正比室 電荷測(cè)量 位置測(cè)量　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)是我國(guó)“十一五”期間重點(diǎn)建設(shè)的大型科學(xué)裝置。它利用高能質(zhì)子轟擊重金屬靶來(lái)產(chǎn)生中子,有效提高了傳統(tǒng)中子源的通量上限,為我國(guó)各類基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科的前沿領(lǐng)域研究提供了一個(gè)先進(jìn)且功能強(qiáng)大的科研平臺(tái)。CSNS初期建設(shè)的三臺(tái)譜儀有通用粉末衍射儀、小角散射儀和多功能反射儀。其中小角散射儀和多功能反射儀中都用到了二維多絲正比室探測(cè)器(Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber,MWPC),本論文主要針對(duì)MWPC探測(cè)器的電子學(xué)讀出方案、具體實(shí)現(xiàn)以及最終讀出系統(tǒng)樣機(jī)的性能測(cè)試進(jìn)行了深入的研究。本設(shè)計(jì)由電子學(xué)讀出板卡、FPGA固件程序以及PC端應(yīng)用程序構(gòu)成。其中讀出板卡采用Xilinx公司的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)作為板上各芯片的控制器和數(shù)據(jù)處理器,可同時(shí)處理多個(gè)通道的探測(cè)器信號(hào)。板上對(duì)探測(cè)器位置信號(hào)的獲取和處理采用挪威IDEAS公司的多通道專用集成電路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)。與以往位置測(cè)量采用分立器件加運(yùn)放的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)相比,本設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)有:功耗低、占用空間小、信噪比高、硬件成本小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由于FPGA的固件開發(fā)簡(jiǎn)便且易于升級(jí)更新,所以在不改變硬件的情況下讀出板整體的功能仍有很高的靈活性。PC端應(yīng)用程序在NI公司的圖形化編程環(huán)境Lab VIEW2012下調(diào)用C語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)。它具有界面友好、操作方便等特點(diǎn),可根據(jù)需求對(duì)板上的工作模式進(jìn)行配置、讀回板上數(shù)據(jù)包、實(shí)時(shí)分析并對(duì)結(jié)果直觀顯示。一般的粒子探測(cè)器常工作于強(qiáng)電磁干擾環(huán)境中,這種環(huán)境下信號(hào)的長(zhǎng)距離傳輸必然受到嚴(yán)重的干擾。本設(shè)計(jì)采用ASIC和FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)了MWPC探測(cè)器的電子學(xué)讀出,大大提高了電子學(xué)讀出系統(tǒng)的集成度,減小了整個(gè)讀出板卡的體積,可使其輕松掛載與探測(cè)器上。這樣,經(jīng)讀出板處理后的信號(hào)變?yōu)閿?shù)字信號(hào),易于傳輸至PC端或下級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)匯總板卡。另外,本設(shè)計(jì)采用數(shù)字法對(duì)位置進(jìn)行讀出,設(shè)置合適的閾值能大大提高有效事例的計(jì)數(shù)率。綜上所述,作為CSNS多功能反射譜儀中MWPC探測(cè)器的電子學(xué)讀出研究,本設(shè)計(jì)具有較高的理論和實(shí)際意義,最終的測(cè)試結(jié)果對(duì)將來(lái)的工程應(yīng)用有很好的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:China Spallation Neutron SourceNs is a large scientific device which is mainly built during the 11th Five-Year Plan period in China. It produces neutrons by bombarding heavy metal targets with high energy protons, which effectively increases the flux upper limit of traditional neutron sources. It provides an advanced and powerful scientific research platform for the frontier research of various basic disciplines in China. The three spectrometers, which were initially built by CSNS, have universal powder diffractometer. Small-angle scatterometer and multifunctional reflectometer are used in both small angle scatterometer and multifunctional reflector. Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber MWPCO detector is used in this paper. In this paper, the electronic readout scheme of MWPC detector is mainly focused on the electronic readout scheme of MWPC detector. The design is composed of electronic readout card FPGA firmware program and PC application program. The readout card is based on Xilinx company. The Field Programmable Gate FPGA is used as the controller and data processor for each chip on the board. The detector signal of multiple channels can be processed at the same time. The acquisition and processing of detector position signal on the board adopts the multi-channel application Specific Integrated circuit of Norway IDEAS company. Compared with the hardware structure in which the discrete device is used in the previous position measurement, The advantages of this design are: low power consumption, small footprint, high signal-to-noise ratio, low hardware cost, etc. The firmware development of FPGA is simple and easy to update. So without changing the hardware, the whole function of the readout board is still very flexible. The PC application program is realized by C language in the graphic programming environment of NI company, Lab VIEW2012. It has friendly interface and convenient operation. The working mode on the board can be configured according to the demand, the data packet on the board can be read back, the results can be analyzed in real time and the results can be displayed intuitively. Generally, the particle detectors often work in the environment of strong electromagnetic interference. In this environment, the long distance transmission of signals is bound to be seriously disturbed. In this design, ASIC and FPGA are used to realize the electronic readout of the MWPC detector, which greatly improves the integration of the electronic readout system and reduces the volume of the whole readout board. It can be easily mounted and mounted on the detector. In this way, the signal processed by the readout board becomes a digital signal, which is easily transmitted to the PC terminal or the lower level data summary board. In addition, the design adopts the digital method to read out the position. To sum up, as an electronic readout study of MWPC detector in CSNS multifunctional reflectance spectrometer, this design has high theoretical and practical significance. The final test results have a good guidance for future engineering applications.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN791;O571.53

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