本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于FPGA的分布式光纖測振儀設(shè)計　出處：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 振動檢測 光纖傳感 相位敏感光時域反射計 現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯門陣列

【摘要】：振動信號檢測通常采用點式分離的傳感器作為信號采集裝置,這類方法對機械設(shè)備故障檢測具有良好效果,但不適用于長距離分布式的振動測量。相位敏感光時域反射(Φ-OTDR)技術(shù)作為一種分布式振動信號檢測的新型方案,克服了上述的不足,在振動領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛。在實際工程中,振動信號的快速性和瞬時性對數(shù)據(jù)采集速率和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速度提出了較高的要求。FPGA由于并行運行快、靈活度高和高速處理等優(yōu)點,常用于信號的高速采集,將FPGA技術(shù)應(yīng)用于分布式光纖振動傳感系統(tǒng)中,實現(xiàn)信號的高速處理與振動事件的實時定位和解調(diào)很有必要。為了實現(xiàn)對振動事件的實時定位和解調(diào),本文設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了基于FPGA的分布式光纖測振儀。整個測振系統(tǒng)分為三部分:分布式光學測振平臺、高速數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)和上位機監(jiān)控軟件。其中分布式光學測振平臺作為系統(tǒng)的第一部分,實現(xiàn)了由外界振動信號向光信號的轉(zhuǎn)化,然后通過光電轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號。高速數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)作為系統(tǒng)的中間層,將光電轉(zhuǎn)換器輸出的模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號并進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,再將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸給上位機。上位機監(jiān)控軟件將接收到的數(shù)據(jù)配合設(shè)計的算法程序,將結(jié)果輸出,提供了整個系統(tǒng)的控制和數(shù)據(jù)顯示功能。主要的研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,從振動信號對光相位的調(diào)制以及通過檢測光相位引起的光強變化來實現(xiàn)對振動信號的解調(diào),闡述了振動檢測的基本原理,根據(jù)指標要求進行了器件的選型并設(shè)計了基于振動檢測原理的分布式光纖振動檢測系統(tǒng)的方案,搭建了Φ-OTDR分布式振動檢測的光學平臺。采用示波器捕獲光學平臺的后向瑞利散射信號并結(jié)合Matlab,對后向散射曲線進行了分析,初步驗證了系統(tǒng)能夠成功對振動事件檢測和解調(diào)。接著,基于AD9226芯片和Altera的FPGA芯片設(shè)計了高速數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng):首先確定了整體的數(shù)據(jù)采集方案,設(shè)計了外圍衰減電路和傳輸電路;然后,提出了兩種數(shù)據(jù)采集方案,一種基于串口傳輸?shù)膯吸c數(shù)據(jù)采集方案:一種基于USB2.0傳輸?shù)倪B續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)采集方案,詳細闡述了USB2.0、CY7C68013A以及Slave FIFO的基本原理和數(shù)據(jù)的讀寫時序等,建立對應(yīng)采集模型,并將采集系統(tǒng)結(jié)合光學平臺對光纖沿線分布式實時采集進行了驗證;研究MFC的程序開發(fā)框架和系統(tǒng)的可視化需求,設(shè)計了上位機監(jiān)控界面的總體方案,對主要功能模塊以及軟件實現(xiàn)代碼進行了具體說明,包括參數(shù)設(shè)置、數(shù)據(jù)處理、信號顯示等單元,實現(xiàn)了實時數(shù)據(jù)顯示與存儲功能。最后,建立了完整的分布式振動測量系統(tǒng),并通過實驗進行驗證。實驗結(jié)果表明:系統(tǒng)能夠在11.5km的傳感范圍上實現(xiàn)20m的定位誤差和30m的空間分辨率,頻率響應(yīng)線性度良好,響應(yīng)時間快,各個指標均滿足項目的要求,系統(tǒng)同時還能響應(yīng)正弦波、方波和沖擊信號,特征鮮明,效果顯著。
[Abstract]:The vibration signal detection sensor is usually used as the separation point signal acquisition device, this method has a good effect on the mechanical equipment fault detection, vibration measurement but not suitable for long distance distributed. The phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (-OTDR) technology as a new scheme of a distributed vibration signal detection, overcomes the lack of vibration widely in application. In practical engineering, rapid and transient characteristic of vibration signal is put forward higher requirements because of the parallel operation of.FPGA fast speed data acquisition and data transmission speed, has the advantages of high flexibility and high processing speed, high speed data acquisition is used to signal, the application of FPGA technology in distributed optical fiber vibration the sensing system, it is necessary to real-time positioning and high-speed demodulation processing and vibration signals of the event. In order to realize the real-time positioning and demodulation of the vibration of the event. The design and implementation of distributed optical fiber vibrometer based on FPGA. The whole vibration system is divided into three parts: distributed optical measurement platform, high speed data acquisition system and PC monitoring software. The distributed optical measurement platform as the first part of the system, the signal into optical signal by external vibration, and then converted to electrical signals through the photoelectric. High speed data acquisition system as the middle layer of the system, converting the analog signal into a digital signal output of photoelectric conversion and data processing, then transmits the data to the host computer. The PC monitoring software will receive the data with the design of the algorithm, the results output, provides a control and data of the whole system the display function. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the vibration signal of the optical phase modulation and phase detection caused by light intensity changes will come true Demodulation of the vibration signal, expounds the basic principle of vibration detection, according to the requirements of the device selection and design of distributed optical fiber vibration detection system of vibration detection scheme based on the principle, establishes the optical platform with -OTDR distributed vibration detection. Using the oscilloscope to capture optical platform Rayleigh backscattering signals combined with Matlab and on the back scattering curves were analyzed, proves that the system can successfully detect and demodulate the vibration events. Then, the design of FPGA high speed data acquisition system based on Altera chip and AD9226 chip: first determine the overall design scheme of data acquisition, the peripheral circuit attenuation and transmission circuit; then, put forward two the data acquisition scheme, a scheme of single point data acquisition serial transmission based on a continuous data acquisition scheme based on USB2.0 transmission, elaborated USB2.0, CY 7C68013A and the basic principle and data Slave FIFO read and write timing, establish corresponding acquisition model and acquisition system with optical platform along the fiber distributed real-time acquisition was verified; visualization application development framework and system of MFC, overall design of the PC monitoring interface, the main function module and the software realization of the code in detail, including parameter setting, data processing, signal display unit, to achieve real-time data display and storage functions. Finally, a distributed vibration measurement system, and verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the spatial resolution of the system can realize the positioning error and 30m 20m in the sensing range 11.5km on the frequency response, good linearity, fast response time, all indexes meet the requirements of the project, but also in response to sinusoidal system Wave, square wave and shock signal are characterized by distinctive features and remarkable effect.

【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN791;TP274

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